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Glucose metabolism in lymphoid and inflammatory cells and tissues
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the role of glucose as a fuel for immune cells and the influence of glucose supply on immune-cell functional responses. RECENT FINDINGS: Immune cells express the insulin receptor and a range of glucose-transporter isoforms. Glucose transporters are responsive to both immune stimulation and insulin. The pattern of glucose-transporter upregulation differs among different types of immune cell. In-vitro studies reveal that both hypo- and hyperglycaemia impair immune-cell functions and promote inflammatory responses. Clamp studies have revealed proinflammatory effects of hyperglycaemia and antiinflammatory and immune-promoting effects of insulin. SUMMARY: Glucose is readily utilized by cells of the immune system and is used to generate energy and biosynthetic precursors. Activation of immune cells is associated with increased glucose utilization and this is facilitated, in part, by increased expression of glucose transporters. Immune cells express the insulin receptor and respond to insulin. Both hypo- and hyperglycaemia impair immune-cell functions and promote inflammatory responses. Insulin therapy in hyperglycaemic subjects may be of benefit through effects of both insulin itself and lowered glucose concentration. Excessive lowering of blood glucose concentration may also be harmful to the immune response.
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“This is relevant for leukocytes that, importantly, cannot become insulin-resistant but upregulate GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 transporters upon activation [14].”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“It is proposed that insulin resistance is the critical determinant of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, because only liver, muscle, and fat tissue, but not leukocytes, become insulin-resistant [14].”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Furthermore, hyperglycemia is toxic to multiple immune cell populations, including lymphocytes [35].”
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BackgroundChanges in glucose transporter expression in monocytes of periparturient dairy cows
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Impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on muscle metabolism of growing pigs1
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Dezfoulnejad, M. C., & Molayemraftar, T. (2021) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.15690 · Cited by 21
Rossi, R. M., Cullens, F., Bacigalupo, P., Sordillo, L. M., & Abuelo, Á. (2022) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2022-22240 · Cited by 21
Inuit metabolism revisited: what drove the selective sweep of CPT1a L479?
Hale, N. (2020) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.01.010 · Cited by 20
Metabolic Factors at the Crossroads of Periparturient Immunity and Inflammation
Abuelo, Á., Mann, S., & Contreras, G. A. (2023) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.012 · Cited by 19
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18F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating malignant from benign origins of obstructive jaundice
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Horst, E. A., van den Brink, L. M., Mayorga, E. J., Al‐Qaisi, M., Rodríguez-Jiménez, S., Goetz, B. M., Abeyta, M. A., Kvidera, S. K., Caixeta, L. S., Rhoads, R. P., et al. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18686 · Cited by 18
“Upon activation, leukocytes increase their reliance on insulin as the driving force for glucose uptake (Calder et al., 2007), which may partially explain the marked hyper-insulinemia that develops in response to LPS (Waldron et al., 2003; Zarrin et al., 2014; Kvidera et al., 2017).”
BackgroundFGF-21 Plays a Crucial Role in the Glucose Uptake of Activated Monocytes
Wang, N., Li, J., Zhao, T., Li, S., Shen, C.-B., Li, D., & Wang, W. (2017) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-017-0665-7 · Cited by 17
International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: Integrating our understanding of stress physiology
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Wnt signalling at the crossroads of nutritional regulation
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“Glucose is a main source of carbon for lymphoblasts (Newsholme et al. 1985; Calder et al. 2007), and the transport of its downstream metabolite, pyruvate, into the mitochondria is known to be altered by a lack of CL (Paradies and Ruggiero 1989, 1990).”
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Hepatic alterations associated with fine particulate matter exposure
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“In contrast, the immune system profits from insulin because it is an important growth factor for leukocytes and, with the help of insulin, major glucose transporters like glucose transporter-3 and glucose transporter-4 are up regulated on all leukocyte subpopulations [77].”
BackgroundThe Influence of Diabetes on Degree of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Inflammation
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“However, the exact nature of the demands and how they are met may differ among immune cells, whether they are proliferative cells, like T-lymphocytes, or secretory cells, like macrophages.(32) Subset of infiltrating monocytederived macrophages in the microenvironment of AAA wall in diabetic patients, in a specific glu…”
BackgroundHew, J. J., Parungao, R., Tsai, K. H. ‐., Shi, H., Ma, D., Nicholls, C. M., Li, Z., Solon‐Biet, S. M., D'Souza, M. I., Couteur, D. G. L., et al. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520000276 · Cited by 12
Feeding dairy cows for improved metabolism and health
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Essential metabolism required for T and B lymphocyte functions: an update
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Self-citationLessons from Shore‐based Hunter‐Gatherer Diets in East Africa
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Self-harm to preferentially harm the pathogens within: non-specific stressors in innate immunity
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Aging alters glucose uptake in the naïve and injured rodent spinal cord
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Low-protein diet accelerates wound healing in mice post-acute injury
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“Carbohydrates are a protein-sparing energy source required by epithelial, inflammatory and immune cells [4].”
BackgroundPET Imaging for Monitoring Cellular and Immunotherapy of Cancer
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“In white blood cells, the increase in glucose utilization is a prominent feature during the immune response, and this effect depends on the function of specific GLUT isoforms [26].”
BackgroundImmunometabolism and Exercise: New avenues
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Changes in Glucose and Glutamine Lymphocyte Metabolisms Induced by Type I Interferon α
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“Although both glucose and glutamine are utilized for energy production by LY, the first seems to be quantitatively more important [12].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Calder, P. C., Dimitriadis, G., & Newsholme, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- University General Hospital Attikon (GR)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Calder, Philip C
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 531-540
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042827948
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- glucose metabolism, immune cells, glucose transporters, insulin receptor, insulin, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, inflammation, lymphocytes, energy metabolism, insulin therapy, immune function
- MeSH terms
- Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Immune System, Insulin, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Monocytes, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative
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