Role of dietary carbohydrates and macronutrients in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing worldwide and there is strong evidence that dietary factors play a role in its pathogenesis. The present review aims to provide a better understanding of how carbohydrates and other macronutrients may affect the disease. RECENT FINDINGS: The effects of carbohydrates on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease differ depending upon the carbohydrate type; high-glycemic index foods are related to increased hepatic fat in both rodents and humans. Similarly, simple carbohydrates, such as fructose, stimulate hepatic de-novo lipogenesis and decrease lipid oxidation, thus leading to increased fat deposition. The underlying mechanisms may involve the activation of transcription factors. Fat intake broadly leads to hepatic fat deposition in rodents but few data are available on humans. Both carbohydrates and fat trigger inflammatory factors, which are closely related to metabolic disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lifestyle interventions appear to be the most appropriate first-line treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SUMMARY: There is strong evidence that the diet may affect the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although simple carbohydrates are clearly shown to have deleterious effects in humans, the role of fat remains controversial. Further studies will be required to evaluate the effects of macronutrient composition on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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This rapid digestion may induce multiple adverse effects, potentially stimulating reward/craving areas in the brain, activating hepatic de novo lipogenesis, increasing uric acid production, and promoting visceral adiposity.
“This rapid digestion may induce multiple adverse effects, potentially stimulating reward/craving areas in the brain, activating hepatic de novo lipogenesis, increasing uric acid production, and promoting visceral adiposity.49, 162-166”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [162]
Poor quality carbohydrates are associated with long-term weight gain, diabetes, and CVD.
“Consistent with this constellation of adverse effects, poor quality carbohydrates are associated with long-term weight gain, diabetes, and CVD.29, 89, 158, 167”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [162]
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- Authors
- Lê, K.-A., & Bortolotti, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Lê, Kim-Anne
- ORCID
- Lê, Kim-Anne
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 477-482
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977763144
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dietary carbohydrates, macronutrients, fructose, hepatic de novo lipogenesis, hepatic lipid oxidation, hepatic lipid accumulation, high glycemic index foods, dietary fat, inflammation, lifestyle intervention, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Fatty Liver, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Glycemic Index
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