Long-term exposure to ozone and life expectancy in the United States, 2002 to 2008
Open accessAbstract
Long-term exposure to ground-level ozone is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The association remains uncertain between long-term exposure to ozone and life expectancy. We assessed the associations between seasonal mean daily 8-hour maximum (8-hr max) ozone concentrations measured during the ozone monitoring seasons and life expectancy at birth in 3109 counties of the conterminous U.S. during 2002 to 2008. We used latent class growth analysis to identify latent classes of counties that had distinct mean levels and rates of change in ozone concentrations over the 7-year period and used linear regression analysis to determine differences in life expectancy by ozone levels. We identified 3 classes of counties with distinct seasonal mean daily 8-hr max ozone concentrations and rates of change. When compared with the counties with the lowest ozone concentrations, the counties with the highest ozone concentrations had 1.7- and 1.4-year lower mean life expectancy in males and females (both P < 0.0001), respectively. The associations remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding effects of seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations and other selected environmental, demographic, socio-economic, and health-related factors (both P < 0.0001). A 5 ppb higher ozone concentration was associated with 0.25 year lower life expectancy in males (95% CI: -0.30 to -0.19) and 0.21 year in females (95% CI: -0.25 to -0.17). We identified 3 classes of counties with distinct mean levels and rates of change in ozone concentrations. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to a higher ozone concentration may be associated with a lower life expectancy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A 5 ppb (10 μg/m3) increase in long-term ozone concentration was associated with 0.25 year (95% CI: −0.30 to −0.19) lower life expectancy in males.
“a study found that a 5 ppb (10 μg/m3) increase in long-term ozone concentration was associated with 0.25 year (95% CI: −0.30 to −0.19) lower life expectancy in males”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
A 5 ppb (10 μg/m3) increase in long-term ozone concentration was associated with 0.21 year (95% CI: −0.25 to −0.17) lower life expectancy in females.
“and 0.21 year (95% CI: −0.25 to −0.17) in females (78).”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. K. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x · Cited by 3,161 · see citing works
Byun, D. W., & Schere, K. L. (2006) · Applied Mechanics Reviews · doi:10.1115/1.2128636 · Cited by 2,655 · see citing works
Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semiparametric, group-based approach.
Nagin, D. S. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.2.139 · Cited by 2,346 · see citing works
Fine-Particulate Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in the United States
Pope, C. A., Ezzati, M., & Dockery, D. W. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa0805646 · Cited by 2,222 · see citing works
Long-term ozone exposure and mortality
Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A., Ito, K., Thurston, G., Krewski, D., Shi, Y., Calle, E., & Thun, M. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0803894 · Cited by 1,602 · see citing works
Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: A group-based method.
Nagin, D. S., & Tremblay, R. E. (2001) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.6.1.18 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Wang, H., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Lofgren, K. T., Rajaratnam, J. K., Marcus, J. R., Levin-Rector, A., Levitz, C. E., Lopez, A. D., & Murray, C. J. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61719-x · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Bell, M. L., Dominici, F., & Samet, J. M. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165817.40152.85 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Estimating the National Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Ambient PM 2.5 and Ozone
Fann, N. L., Lamson, A. D., Anenberg, S. C., Wesson, K., Risley, D., & Hubbell, B. (2011) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01630.x · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Bell, M. L., Peng, R. D., & Dominici, F. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8816 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Acute Effects of Ozone on Mortality from the “Air Pollution and Health
Gryparis, A., Forsberg, B., Katsouyanni, K., Analitis, A., Touloumi, G., Schwartz, J., Samoli, E., Medina, S., Anderson, H. R., Niciu, E. M., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200403-333oc · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Associations Between Ozone and Daily Mortality
Ito, K., Leon, S. F. D., & Lippmann, M. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165821.90114.7f · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Ozone Exposure and Mortality: An Empiric Bayes Metaregression Analysis
Levy, J. I., Chemerynski, S. M., & Sarnat, J. A. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165820.08301.b3 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Developmental Trajectories of Overweight During Childhood: Role of Early Life Factors
Li, C., Goran, M. I., Kaur, H., Nollen, N. L., & Ahluwalia, J. S. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.585 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationA Spatio-Temporal Downscaler for Output From Numerical Models
Berrocal, V. J., Gelfand, A. E., & Holland, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics · doi:10.1007/s13253-009-0004-z · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Ozone Air Pollution Is Associated With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Ruidavets, J., Cournot, M., Cassadou, S., Giroux, M., Meybeck, M. P., & Ferrières, J. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000154546.32135.6e · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Holt, J. B., Lu, H., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu018 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Woodruff, T. J., Parker, J. D., & Schoendorf, K. C. (2006) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8484 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Space‐Time Data fusion Under Error in Computer Model Output: An Application to Modeling Air Quality
Berrocal, V. J., Gelfand, A. E., & Holland, D. M. (2011) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01725.x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Mortality Displacement in the Association of Ozone with Mortality
Zanobetti, A., & Schwartz, J. D. (2007) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200706-823oc · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Air Pollution and Postneonatal Infant Mortality in the United States, 1999–2002
Woodruff, T. J., Darrow, L. A., & Parker, J. D. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10370 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Left behind: widening disparities for males and females in US county life expectancy, 1985–2010
Wang, H., Schumacher, A. E., Levitz, C. E., Mokdad, A. H., & Murray, C. J. L. (2013) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-11-8 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Health Benefits from Large-Scale Ozone Reduction in the United States
Berman, J. D., Fann, N. L., Hollingsworth, J. W., Pinkerton, K. E., Rom, W. N., Szema, A. M., Breysse, P. N., White, R. H., & Curriero, F. C. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104851 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Development of Ambient Air Quality Population-Weighted Metrics for Use in Time-Series Health Studies
Ivy, D. J., Mulholland, J. A., & Russell, A. G. (2008) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.3155/1047-3289.58.5.711 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Ozone and Survival in Four Cohorts with Potentially Predisposing Diseases
Zanobetti, A., & Schwartz, J. D. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201102-0227oc · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effects of Exposure to 0.06 ppm Ozone on FEV1 in Humans: A Secondary Analysis of Existing Data
Brown, J. S., Bateson, T. F., & McDonnell, W. F. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11396 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Heat Illness: Predictors of Hospital Admissions Among Emergency Department Visits—Georgia, 2002–2008
Pillai, S. K., Noe, R. S., Murphy, M. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9743-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Azevedo, J. M. F., Gonçalves, F. L. T., & Andrade, M. D. F. (2010) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-010-0324-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Temporal Dynamics of Ozone-Induced FEV1Changes in Humans: An Exposure-Response Model
McDonnell, W. F., Stewart, P. W., & Smith, M. V. (2007) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958370701271084 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [25]Muthén LK Muthén BO Mplus User's Guide. 7th (ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén; 2013.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide
Zhang, J. (., Wei, Y., & Fang, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02518 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
- Authors
- Li, C., Balluz, L. S., Vaidyanathan, A., Wen, X.-J., Hao, Y., & Qualters, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Chaoyang
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e2474
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4998595
- OpenAlex
- W2324168258
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Keywords
- surface ozone, long-term air pollution exposure, life expectancy, sex differences in mortality, latent class growth analysis, contiguous United States
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Ozone, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Seasons, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, United States, Linear Models, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
