Long-term ozone exposure and mortality
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Although many studies have linked elevations in tropospheric ozone to adverse health outcomes, the effect of long-term exposure to ozone on air pollution-related mortality remains uncertain. We examined the potential contribution of exposure to ozone to the risk of death from cardiopulmonary causes and specifically to death from respiratory causes. METHODS: Data from the study cohort of the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II were correlated with air-pollution data from 96 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. Data were analyzed from 448,850 subjects, with 118,777 deaths in an 18-year follow-up period. Data on daily maximum ozone concentrations were obtained from April 1 to September 30 for the years 1977 through 2000. Data on concentrations of fine particulate matter (particles that are < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter [PM(2.5)]) were obtained for the years 1999 and 2000. Associations between ozone concentrations and the risk of death were evaluated with the use of standard and multilevel Cox regression models. RESULTS: In single-pollutant models, increased concentrations of either PM(2.5) or ozone were significantly associated with an increased risk of death from cardiopulmonary causes. In two-pollutant models, PM(2.5) was associated with the risk of death from cardiovascular causes, whereas ozone was associated with the risk of death from respiratory causes. The estimated relative risk of death from respiratory causes that was associated with an increment in ozone concentration of 10 ppb was 1.040 (95% confidence interval, 1.010 to 1.067). The association of ozone with the risk of death from respiratory causes was insensitive to adjustment for confounders and to the type of statistical model used. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study, we were not able to detect an effect of ozone on the risk of death from cardiovascular causes when the concentration of PM(2.5) was taken into account. We did, however, demonstrate a significant increase in the risk of death from respiratory causes in association with an increase in ozone concentration.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The benefit estimated by Moch et al. is inconsistent with the relative risk estimated by Jerrett and colleagues of about 1.04 (95% CI 1.01-1.07) for a 10 ppbv increase in ambient ozone.
“This is inconsistent with the relative risk estimated by Jerrett and colleagues [73] of about 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07) for a 10 ppbv increase in ambient ozone.”
From Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024 (2025) · cites this paper as [73]
The Results report a relative risk of 1.040 (95% CI, 1.013–1.067) for each 10-ppb increase in ozone in a two-pollutant model. Those figures round to the cited values, but the estimate is specifically for death from respiratory causes, not mortality generally as the citing sentence could imply. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor chronic respiratory disease mortality, the applied beta is ln(1.06) per 10 ppb ozone (95% CI 1.03-1.10), derived by GBD 2019.
“For chronic respiratory disease mortality, we apply a of ln(1.06) per 10 ppb ozone (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.10) derived by GBD 2019 (Jerrett et al., 2009; Malashock et al., 2022; GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collaborators, 2020).”
From Air quality impacts of stratospheric aerosol injections are likely small and mainly driven by changes in climate, not aerosol settling (2026) · cites this paper as Jerrett et al., 2009
The Results report an association between a 10-ppb increase in ozone and mortality from respiratory causes, supporting the general relationship. But the paper reports a relative risk of 1.040 (95% CI 1.013–1.067) in its two-pollutant model, not 1.06 (95% CI 1.03–1.10); it does not identify the outcome as chronic respiratory disease mortality or derive a GBD 2019 coefficient. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAn analysis of national databases found a positive association between increase in long-term ozone concentrations and an increased risk of respiratory diseases and death.
“For example, an analysis of national databases found a positive association between increase in long-term ozone concentrations and an increased risk of respiratory diseases and death (44).”
From Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
Pope III, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 · Cited by 8,447 · see citing works
An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities
Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., & Speizer, F. E. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312093292401 · Cited by 8,018 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect
Pope, C. A., & Dockery, D. W. (2006) · Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association · doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464485 · Cited by 6,678 · see citing works
Self-citationAir Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
Brook, R. D., Franklin, B. A., Cascio, W. E., Hong, Y., Howard, G., D, M. L. M., Luepker, R. V., Mittleman, M. A., Samet, J. M., Smith, S. C., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000128587.30041.c8 · Cited by 2,417 · see citing works
Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women
Miller, K. A., Siscovick, D. S., Sheppard, L., Shepherd, K., Sullivan, J. H., Anderson, G. L., & Kaufman, J. D. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054409 · Cited by 1,854 · see citing works
Krewski, D. R., Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Ma, R., Hughes, E., Shi, Y., Turner, M. C., Pope, C. A., Thurston, G. D., Calle, E. E., et al. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles
Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Ma, R., Pope, C. A., Krewski, D., Newbold, K. B., Thurston, G., Shi, Y., Finkelstein, N., Calle, E. E., et al. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000181630.15826.7d · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Self-citationAsthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: a cohort study
McConnell, R., Berhane, K., Gilliland, F., London, S. J., Islam, T., Gauderman, W. J., Avol, E., Margolis, H. G., & Peters, J. M. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07597-9 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Bell, M. L., Dominici, F., & Samet, J. M. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165817.40152.85 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Long-Term Inhalable Particles and Other Air Pollutants Related to Mortality in Nonsmokers
Abbey, D. E., Nishino, N., McDonnell, W. F., Burchette, R. J., Knutsen, S. F., Beeson, W. L., & YANG, J. X. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9806020 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Fatal Colon Cancer in a Large Prospective Study
Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Namboodiri, M. M., Flanders, W. D., Coates, R. J., Byers, T., Boffetta, P., Garfinkel, L., & Heath, C. W. (1992) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/84.19.1491 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Self-citationAckermann-Liebrich, U. A., Leuenberger, P., Schwartz, J. D., Schindler, C., Monn, C., BOLOGNINI, G., Bongard, J. P., Brändli, O., Domenighetti, G. M., Elsässer, S., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001300 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Associations Between Ozone and Daily Mortality
Ito, K., Leon, S. F. D., & Lippmann, M. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165821.90114.7f · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Self-citationCalle, E. E., & Terrell, D. D. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116664 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationOzone Exposure and Mortality: An Empiric Bayes Metaregression Analysis
Levy, J. I., Chemerynski, S. M., & Sarnat, J. A. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000165820.08301.b3 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Cigarette Smoking and Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II
Chao, A. (2000) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.23.1888 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Lung Function Growth in Children with Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants in Mexico City
Rojas, R., Pérez‐Padilla, R., Olaiz-Fernández, G., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200510-1678oc · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Delfino, R. J., Quintana, P. J. E., Floro, J. N., Gastañaga, V. M., Samimi, B. S., Kleinman, M. T., Liu, L.-J. S., Bufalino, C., Wu, C., & McLaren, C. E. (2004) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.6815 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Chronic Exposure to Ambient Ozone and Lung Function in Young Adults
Tager, I. B., Balmes, J. R., Lurmann, F., Ngo, L. H., Alcorn, S., & Künzli, N. (2005) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000183166.68809.b0 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Effects of Ambient Ozone on Respiratory Function in Active, Normal Children
Spektor, D. M., Lippmann, M., Lioy, P. J., et al. (1988) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/137.2.313 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Summertime Haze Air Pollution and Children With Asthma
Thurston, G. D., Lippmann, M., Scott, M., & Fine, J. M. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032209 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationGalizia, A., & Kinney, P. L. (1999) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.99107675 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Chen, C. L., Arjomandi, M., Balmes, J. R., Tager, I. B., & Holland, N. (2007) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.10294 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
An Investigation of Inhaled Ozone Dose and the Magnitude of Airway Inflammation in Healthy Adults
Mudway, I., & Kelly, F. J. (2004) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200309-1325pp · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Random effects Cox models: A Poisson modelling approach
Ma, R. (2003) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/90.1.157 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Yang, Q., Chen, Y., Shi, Y., et al. (2003) · Inhalation Toxicology · doi:10.1080/08958370390241768 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationCAUSALITY, MEASUREMENT ERROR AND MULTICOLLINEARITY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
Zidek, J. V., Wong, H., Le, N. D., & Burnett, R. T. (1996) · Environmetrics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-095x(199607)7:4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial Analysis of the Air Pollution--Mortality Relationship in the Context of Ecologic Confounders
Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Willis, A., Krewski, D. R., Goldberg, M. S., DeLuca, P. F., & Finkelstein, N. (2003) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287390306438 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Exposure to 0.06 ppm Ozone on FEV1 in Humans: A Secondary Analysis of Existing Data
Brown, J. S., Bateson, T. F., & McDonnell, W. F. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11396 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Predicting residential ozone deficits from nearby traffic
McConnell, R., Berhane, K. T., Yao, L., et al. (2005) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.06.028 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Controlling for Potential Confounding by Occupational Exposures
Siemiatycki, J., Krewski, D. R., Shi, Y., et al. (2003) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287390306428 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationSelection of Ecologic Covariates in the American Cancer Society Study
Willis, A., Krewski, D. R., Jerrett, M., et al. (2003) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287390306425 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [3]Krewski D Burnett RT Goldberg MS Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality: a special report of the institute’s Particle Epidemiology Reanalysis Project. Part II. Sensitivity analyses Cambridge, MA Health Effects Institute 2000
- [12]Review of the national ambient air quality standards for ozone: policy assessment of scientific and technical information Research Triangle Park, NC Environmental Protection Agency 2007 (Report no. EPA-452/R-07-007.)
- [13]Committee on Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction Benefits from Decreasing Tropospheric Ozone Exposure Estimating mortality risk reduction and economic benefits from controlling ozone air pollution Washington, DC National Academies Press 2008 25009902
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., AlMazroa, M. A., Amann, M., Anderson, H. R., Andrews, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61766-8 · Cited by 11,805 · see citing works
Self-citationCohen, A. J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H. R., Frostad, J., Estep, K., Balakrishnan, K., Brunekreef, B., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30505-6 · Cited by 6,583 · see citing works
Self-citationBrook, R. D., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, C. A., Brook, J. R., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A. V., Holguin, F., Hong, Y., Luepker, R. V., Mittleman, M. A., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3181dbece1 · Cited by 6,548 · see citing works
Self-citationManaging nitrogen for sustainable development.
Zhang, X., Davidson, E. A., Mauzerall, D. L., Searchinger, T. D., Dumas, P., & Shen, Y. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15743 · Cited by 3,054 · see citing works
Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and Improving Human Health and Food Security
Shindell, D., Kuylenstierna, J. C. I., Vignati, E., van Dingenen, R., Amann, M., Klimont, Z., Anenberg, S. C., Muller, N., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Raes, F., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1210026 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Air pollution and mortality in the Medicare population
Di, Q., Wang, Y., Zanobetti, A., Wang, Y., Koutrakis, P., Choirat, C., Dominici, F., & Schwartz, J. D. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1702747 · Cited by 1,510 · see citing works
Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions
McDonald, B. C., de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J. B., Jathar, S. H., Akherati, A., Cappa, C. D., Jimenez, J. L., Lee-Taylor, J., Hayes, P. L., McKeen, S. A., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaq0524 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease
Rajagopalan, S., Al-Kindi, S. G., & Brook, R. D. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099 · Cited by 1,299 · see citing works
Chen, J., & Hoek, G. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105974 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Long-term ozone exposure and mortality in a large prospective study
Turner, M. C., Jerrett, M., Pope, C. A., Krewski, D., Gapstur, S. M., Diver, W. R., Beckerman, B. S., Marshall, J. D., Su, J., Crouse, D. L., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201508-1633oc · Cited by 938 · see citing works
Ozone pollution: A Major health hazard worldwide
Zhang, J. (., Wei, Y., & Fang, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02518 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
Bourdrel, T., Bind, M.-A., Béjot, Y., Morel, O., & Argacha, J.-F. (2017) · Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2017.05.003 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health
West, J. J., Smith, S. J., Silva, R. A., Naik, V., Zhang, Y., Adelman, Z., Fry, M. M., Anenberg, S., Horowitz, L. W., & Lamarque, J.-F. (2013) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2009 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Anenberg, S. C., Horowitz, L. W., Tong, D. Q., & West, J. J. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901220 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
The effects of ozone on human health
Nuvolone, D., Petri, D., & Voller, F. (2018) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Aerts, R., Honnay, O., & Van Nieuwenhuyse, A. (2018) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldy021 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Lefohn, A. S., Malley, C. S., Smith, L., Wells, B., Hazucha, M., Simon, H., Naik, V., Mills, G., Schultz, M. G., Paoletti, E., et al. (2018) · Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.279 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
West, J. J., Cohen, A., Dentener, F., Brunekreef, B., Zhu, T., Armstrong, B., Bell, M. L., Brauer, M., Carmichael, G., Costa, D. L., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03827 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an oil and gas basin
Edwards, P. M., Brown, S. S., Roberts, J. M., Ahmadov, R., Banta, R. M., deGouw, J. A., Dubé, W. P., Field, R. A., Flynn, J. H., Gilman, J. B., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13767 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Stafoggia, M., Oftedal, B., Chen, J., Rodopoulou, S., Renzi, M., Atkinson, R. W., Bauwelinck, M., Klompmaker, J. O., Mehta, A., Vienneau, D., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00277-1 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Rajagopalan, S., & Landrigan, P. J. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2030281 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Malley, C. S., Henze, D. K., Kuylenstierna, J. C. I., Vallack, H. W., Davila, Y., Anenberg, S. C., Turner, M. C., & Ashmore, M. R. (2017) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp1390 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
“Jerrett et al. (2009) reported a relative risk estimate for respiratory mortality in association with long-term O 3 exposure in the CPS-II cohort (hereafter referred to as J2009), which was subsequently used to derive global estimates of O 3 -attributable mortality ranging from 0.15 to 0.49 million…”
InfluentialTropospheric ozone in CMIP6 simulations
Griffiths, P. T., Murray, L. T., Zeng, G., Shin, Y. M., Abraham, N. L., Archibald, A. T., Deushi, M., Emmons, L. K., Galbally, I. E., Hassler, B., et al. (2021) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-21-4187-2021 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Smith, K. R., Frumkin, H., Balakrishnan, K., Butler, C. D., Chafe, Z. A., Fairlie, I., Kinney, P., Kjellstrom, T., Mauzerall, D. L., McKone, T. E., et al. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114404 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Future global mortality from changes in air pollution attributable to climate change
Silva, R. A., West, J. J., Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D. T., Collins, W. J., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G. A., Horowitz, L. W., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., et al. (2017) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate3354 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Assessing Transformation Pathways
(2015) · Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415416.012 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Association of ozone exposure with cardiorespiratory pathophysiologic mechanisms in healthy adults
Day, D. B., Xiang, J., Mo, J., Li, F., Chung, M., Gong, J., Weschler, C. J., Ohman-Strickland, P. A., Sundell, J., Weng, W., et al. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2842 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
A Method to Estimate the Chronic Health Impact of Air Pollutants in U.S. Residences
Logue, J. M., Price, P. N., Sherman, M. H., & Singer, B. C. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104035 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Shi, L., Steenland, K., Li, H., Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Lyles, R. H., Requia, W. J., Ilango, S. D., Chang, H. H., Wingo, T., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Cause-Specific Mortality Risk in the United States
Lim, C. C., Hayes, R. B., Ahn, J., Shao, Y., Silverman, D. T., Jones, R. R., Garcia, C., Bell, M. L., & Thurston, G. D. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201806-1161oc · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Zelm, R., Preiss, P., van Goethem, T., Van Dingenen, R., & Huijbregts, M. (2016) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.044 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Health co-benefits of achieving sustainable net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in California
Wang, T., Jiang, Z., Zhao, B., Gu, Y., Liou, K.-N., Kalandiyur, N., Zhang, D., & Zhu, Y. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-020-0520-y · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Long-term ozone exposure increases the risk of developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome
Ware, L. B., Zhao, Z., Koyama, T., May, A. K., Matthay, M. A., Lurmann, F. W., Balmes, J. R., & Calfee, C. S. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201507-1418oc · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Quantifying the impact of sulfate geoengineering on mortality from air quality and UV-B exposure
Eastham, S. D., Weisenstein, D. K., Keith, D. W., & Barrett, S. R. H. (2018) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.047 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Risk factors and interventions with statistically significant tiny effects
Siontis, G. C., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr099 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Wilson, S. R., Madronich, S., Longstreth, J. D., & Solomon, K. R. (2019) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c8pp90064g · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chowdhury, S., Pozzer, A., Dey, S., Klingmueller, K., & Lelieveld, J. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab8334 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wang, M., Sampson, P. D., Sheppard, L. E., Stein, J. H., Vedal, S., & Kaufman, J. D. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp3325 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Observing Severe Drought Influences on Ozone Air Pollution in California
Demetillo, M. A. G., Anderson, J. F., Geddes, J. A., Yang, X., Najacht, E. Y., Herrera, S. A., Kabasares, K. M., Kotsakis, A. E., Lerdau, M. T., & Pusede, S. E. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04852 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Non-linear concentration-response relationships between ambient ozone and daily mortality
Bae, S., Lim, Y.-H., Kashima, S., Yorifuji, T., Honda, Y., Kim, H., & Hong, Y.-C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129423 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Neale, P. J., Hylander, S., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D.-P., Rose, K. C., Vione, D., Wängberg, S.-Å., Jansen, M. A. K., Busquets, R., Andersen, M. P. S., et al. (2025) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Using current annual deaths attributable to ambient tropospheric ozone of 254,000–1,330,000 [71, 72], and the relative risk (RR) for 10 ppbv increase in ozone [73] Figure 3 summarises this re-evaluation.”
InfluentialValuing the Air Quality Effects of Biochar Reductions on Soil NO Emissions
Pourhashem, G., Rasool, Q. Z., Zhang, R., Medlock, K. B., Cohan, D. S., & Masiello, C. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00748 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Long-term exposure to ozone and life expectancy in the United States, 2002 to 2008
Li, C., Balluz, L. S., Vaidyanathan, A., Wen, X.-J., Hao, Y., & Qualters, J. R. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002474 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bera, B., Bhattacharjee, S., Shit, P. K., Sengupta, N., & Saha, S. (2022) · Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment · doi:10.1007/s00477-021-02033-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, C., Visioni, D., Chua, G., & Bednarz, E. M. (2026) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-26-1339-2026 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“For chronic respiratory disease mortality, we apply a β of ln(1.06) per 10 ppb ozone (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.10) derived by GBD 2019 (Jerrett et al., 2009; Malashock et al., 2022; GBD 2021 Risk Factors Collabora-tors, 2020).”
Influential
- Authors
- Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A., Ito, K., Thurston, G., Krewski, D., Shi, Y., Calle, E., & Thun, M.
- Affiliations
- Brigham Young University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2009-03-12
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1085-1095
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC4105969
- OpenAlex
- W2168658532
- Cited by
- 1,602
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 145 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 46.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES000260)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- tropospheric ozone, long-term air pollution exposure, mortality, respiratory mortality, cardiopulmonary mortality, cardiovascular mortality, PM2.5, air pollution and health, Cancer Prevention Study II
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Air Pollution, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Mortality, Ozone, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Risk, United States, Urban Health, Proportional Hazards Models, Particulate Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
