Association of maternal diabetes with autism spectrum disorders in offspring: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Studies on the association of maternal diabetes with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring provide inconsistent findings; therefore an updated and comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis is necessary to perform in order to evaluate the available evidences.After searching databases systematically, we established the inclusion criteria and selected the eligible studies. In both overall and stratified analyses, the estimated effects were synthesized dependent on the presence or absence of heterogeneity.Twelve articles involving 16 studies were included and synthesized, demonstrating a significant association of maternal diabetes with ASDs among children (relative risk [RR] = 1.48). However, high heterogeneity was observed (I = 56.3%) and publication bias was identified. In terms of the analyses on reliable evidences from case-control studies, heterogeneity and publication bias disappeared, and the risk of ASDs was increased by 62% among diabetic mothers compared with non-diabetic mothers.Maternal diabetes, especially gestational diabetes mellitus, is associated with ASDs in offspring based on a limited number of convincing case-control studies. More large-scale population-based prospective studies are still needed to draw firm conclusions.
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Among diabetic mothers compared with non-diabetic mothers, risk of ASD increases by 62% when meta-analysis is restricted to case-control studies.
“with the risk of ASD increasing by 62% among diabetic mothers, compared with non-diabetic mothers.”
From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [89]
Maternal diabetes is associated with additional risk for autism in offspring (relative risk = 1.48, 95% CI 1.26-1.75).
“demonstrated additional risk for autism in the presence of maternal diabetes (relative risk = 1.48, 95% CI 1.26–1.75).”
From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Wan, H., Zhang, C., Li, H., Luan, S., & Liu, C.
- Affiliations
- First Hospital of Jilin University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Luan, Shuxin
- Liu, Chang
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e9438
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5943853
- OpenAlex
- W2783178921
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- maternal diabetes, autism spectrum disorder, gestational diabetes mellitus, offspring, autism risk, heterogeneity, publication bias
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Mothers
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