Leptin in reproduction.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Leptin, a key hormone in energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine function, has a permissive role in initiating puberty and is crucial in the pathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction in several disease states of energy imbalance. KiSS1 neurons have recently been suggested to mediate leptin's effect on the reproductive system. New insights from recent animal studies and clinical trials are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Alterations in the expression profile of the KiSS1 gene and the kisspeptin receptor have been linked to reproductive dysfunction in leptin-deficient states. Neuroendocrine, including reproductive, dysfunction can be restored in humans and animals by leptin-replacement therapy. These insights have significantly advanced our understanding of hormonal systems needed to maintain normal reproduction. These data, if confirmed, also suggest a role for leptin as a novel therapeutic approach in several disease states. SUMMARY: Recent proof-of-concept studies involving leptin administration to humans underline the critical role of leptin not only in regulating energy homeostasis, but also in maintaining normal reproductive function. Leptin-replacement therapy is currently under intensive investigation as a potential novel therapeutic option for several conditions associated with reproductive dysfunction due to hypoleptinemia.
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Deficient leptin signaling results in obesity with increased lipid storage and dysfunction of several neuroendocrine axes, immune and autonomic systems.
“The result is not only an increasing degree of obesity associated with increased lipid storage in muscle, liver, and other tissues but also dysfunction of several neuroendocrine axes, including the reproductive, thyroid, and adrenal axes, as well as abnormal function of the immune and autonomic system (ie, thermoregulation, energy expenditure, and others) (5, 13, 14).”
From Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research (2009) · cites this paper as [5]
Leptin concentrations are positively correlated with the amount of body fat.
“Leptin concentrations are positively correlated with the amount of body fat (4-10).”
From Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research (2009) · cites this paper as [5]
In states of secondary failure of the HPG axis associated with loss of fat mass, such as exercise-induced amenorrhea or anorexia nervosa, exogenously administered leptin may fully normalize function of this axis.
“Moreover, in states of secondary failure of the HPG axis associated with loss of fat mass, such as in exercise-induced amenorrhea or anorexia nervosa, exogenously administered leptin may fully normalize function of this axis (5,7,9,17).”
From Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research (2009) · cites this paper as [5]
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Leptin in Human Physiology and Pathophysiology
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- Authors
- Blüher, S., & Mantzoros, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mantzoros, Christos S
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 458-464
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040817219
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- leptin, reproduction, puberty, reproductive disorders, energy homeostasis, KISS1, kisspeptin receptor, leptin deficiency, hypoleptinemia, leptin replacement therapy, neuroendocrine regulation, energy imbalance
- MeSH terms
- Amenorrhea, Animals, Anorexia Nervosa, Energy Metabolism, Female, Gonads, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Infertility, Male, Menarche, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Puberty, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, Leptin, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Kisspeptins
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