Role of leptin in energy-deprivation states: normal human physiology and clinical implications for hypothalamic amenorrhoea and anorexia nervosa.
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone that plays a key part in energy homoeostasis. Advances in leptin physiology have established that the main role of this hormone is to signal energy availability in energy-deficient states. Studies in animals and human beings have shown that low concentrations of leptin are fully or partly responsible for starvation-induced changes in neuroendocrine axes, including low reproductive, thyroid, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) hormones. Disease states such as exercise-induced hypothalamic amenorrhoea and anorexia nervosa are also associated with low concentrations of leptin and a similar spectrum of neuroendocrine abnormalities. We have recently shown in an interventional, proof-of-concept study that leptin can restore ovulatory menstrual cycles and improve reproductive, thyroid, and IGF hormones and bone markers in hypothalamic amenorrhoea. Further studies are warranted to establish the safety and effectiveness of leptin for the infertility and osteoporosis associated with hypothalamic amenorrhoea, and to clarify its role in anorexia nervosa.
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Obese subjects appear either tolerant or resistant to the central hypothalamic effects of leptin.
“However, although obese subjects are hyperleptinemic compared with lean persons (11), they appear either to be tolerant or resistant to the central hypothalamic effects of leptin.”
From Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research (2009) · cites this paper as [9]
Leptin concentrations are positively correlated with the amount of body fat.
“Leptin concentrations are positively correlated with the amount of body fat (4-10).”
From Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research (2009) · cites this paper as [9]
In states of secondary failure of the HPG axis associated with loss of fat mass, such as exercise-induced amenorrhea or anorexia nervosa, exogenously administered leptin may fully normalize function of this axis.
“Moreover, in states of secondary failure of the HPG axis associated with loss of fat mass, such as in exercise-induced amenorrhea or anorexia nervosa, exogenously administered leptin may fully normalize function of this axis (5,7,9,17).”
From Leptin in humans: lessons from translational research (2009) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Chan, J. L., & Mantzoros, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mantzoros, Christos S
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 366
- Issue
- 9479
- Pages
- 74-85
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2146263588
- Semantic Scholar
- ce8fe909e5c9219abac813542b83970e0745c65c
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIDDK R01 58785)
- National Center for Research Resources (K23 RR018860)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- leptin, energy deprivation, hypothalamic amenorrhoea, anorexia nervosa, energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine axis, reproductive hormones, thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor, bone turnover markers, leptin therapy, infertility, osteoporosis
- MeSH terms
- Amenorrhea, Animals, Anorexia Nervosa, Energy Intake, Female, Gonads, Humans, Hypothalamic Diseases, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Obesity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Starvation, Leptin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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