The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brown fat as a therapy for obesity and diabetes
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human fat consists of white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT). Though most fat is energy-storing WAT, the thermogenic capacity of even small amounts of BAT makes it an attractive therapeutic target for inducing weight loss through energy expenditure. This review evaluates the recent discoveries regarding the identification of functional BAT in adult humans and its potential as a therapy for obesity and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: Over the past year, several independent research teams used a combination of positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, immunohistochemistry, and gene and protein expression assays to prove conclusively that adult humans have functional BAT. This has occurred against a backdrop of basic studies defining the origins of BAT, new components of its transcriptional regulation, and the role of hormones in stimulation of BAT growth and differentiation. SUMMARY: Adult humans have functional BAT, a new target for antiobesity and antidiabetes therapies focusing on increasing energy expenditure. Future studies will refine the methodologies used to measure BAT mass and activity, expand our knowledge of critical-control points in BAT regulation, and focus on testing pharmacological agents that increase BAT thermogenesis and help achieve long-lasting weight loss and an improved metabolic profile.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“BAT is especially abundant in hibernating mammals 74 , but can also be found in adult humans 75.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance
CANNON, B., & NEDERGAARD, J. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2003 · Cited by 6,433
Identification and Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans
Cypess, A. M., Lehman, S., Williams, G., Tal, I., Rodman, D., Goldfine, A. B., Kuo, F. C., Palmer, E. L., Tseng, Y.-H., Doria, A., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0810780 · Cited by 4,399
Self-citationA Cold-Inducible Coactivator of Nuclear Receptors Linked to Adaptive Thermogenesis
Puigserver, P., Wu, Z., Park, C. W., Graves, R., Wright, M., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81410-5 · Cited by 3,864
Haslam, D. W., & James, W. P. T. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67483-1 · Cited by 3,757
Cold-Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Men
van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D., Vanhommerig, J. W., Smulders, N. M., Drossaerts, J. M. A. F. L., Kemerink, G. J., Bouvy, N. D., Schrauwen, P., & Teule, G. J. J. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808718 · Cited by 3,452
Functional Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults
Virtanen, K. A., Lidell, M. E., Orava, J., Heglind, M., Westergren, R., Niemi, T., Taittonen, M., Laine, J., Savisto, N.-J., Enerbäck, S., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808949 · Cited by 3,058
PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch
Seale, P., Bjork, B., Yang, W., Kajimura, S., Chin, S., Kuang, S., Scimè, A., Devarakonda, S., Conroe, H. M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07182 · Cited by 2,347
Adipocytes as regulators of energy balance and glucose homeostasis
Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05483 · Cited by 2,170
FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator
Kharitonenkov, A., Shiyanova, T. L., Koester, A., Ford, A. M., Micanovic, R., Galbreath, E. J., Sandusky, G. E., Hammond, L. J., Moyers, J. S., Owens, R. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23606 · Cited by 2,125
TGR5-Mediated Bile Acid Sensing Controls Glucose Homeostasis
Thomas, C., Gioiello, A., Noriega, L., Strehle, A., Oury, J., Rizzo, G., Macchiarulo, A., Yamamoto, H., Mataki, C., Pruzanski, M., et al. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.001 · Cited by 1,885
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Butyrate reduces appetite and activates brown adipose tissue via the gut-brain neural circuit
Li, Z., Yi, C.-X., Katiraei, S., Kooijman, S., Zhou, E., Chung, C. K., Gao, Y., van den Heuvel, J. K., Meijer, O. C., Berbée, J. F. P., et al. (2018) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314050 · Cited by 674
Estrogen deficiency and the origin of obesity during menopause
Lizcano, F., & Guzmán, G. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/757461 · Cited by 586
“The majority of these factors can be classified into different categories [6–9] such as (1) factors responsible for the hormonal regulation of appetite and satiety; (2) factors that regulate body glucose levels [10–12]; (3) regulators of basal metabolic rate [13, 14]; (4) factors that control the quantity, disposition…”
BackgroundThe adipose organ of obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice is composed of mixed white and brown adipocytes
Vitali, A., Murano, I., Zingaretti, M. C., Frontini, A., Ricquier, D., & Cinti, S. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m018846 · Cited by 487
Berberine activates thermogenesis in white and brown adipose tissue
Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Li, B., Meng, X.-J., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Yao, S., Ma, Q., Jin, L., Yang, J., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6493 · Cited by 445
Structural and biochemical characteristics of various white adipose tissue depots
Wrońska, A., & Kmieć, Z. (2012) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02409.x · Cited by 402
“…et al. 2008) and the discovery of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors residing in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (and skeletal muscles) (Schulz et al. 2011) pose a promising new target for antiobesity and antidiabetes therapies based on increasing energy expenditure (Cypess & Kahn 2010).”
BackgroundCinti, S. (2012) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.009662 · Cited by 370
“These data also seem to be valid for humans (Oberkofler et al., 1997; Cypess and Kahn, 2010).”
BackgroundBlocking FSH induces thermogenic adipose tissue and reduces body fat
Liu, P., Ji, Y., Yuen, T., Rendina-Ruedy, E., DeMambro, V., Dhawan, S., Abu‐Amer, W., Izadmehr, S., Zhou, B., Shin, A. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature22342 · Cited by 348
Ma, X., Xu, L., Alberobello, A. T., Gavrilova, O., Bagattin, A., Skarulis, M. C., Liu, J., Finkel, T., & Mueller, E. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.005 · Cited by 339
Fischer, K., Ruiz, H. H., Jhun, K., Finan, B., Oberlin, D. J., van der Heide, V., Kalinovich, A., Petrovič, N., Wolf, Y., Clemmensen, C., et al. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4316 · Cited by 333
Yin, H., Pasut, A., Soleimani, V. D., Bentzinger, C. F., Antoun, G., Thorn, S., Seale, P., Fernando, P., van IJcken, W., Grosveld, F., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.01.004 · Cited by 293
“As such, expanding and activating BAT thermogenesis opens a new avenue toward preventing/treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders (Cypess and Kahn, 2010).”
BackgroundLee, J. H., Park, A., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., Kim, W. K., & Bae, K. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20194924 · Cited by 280
“Moreover, the adipocyte UCP1 expression is reduced in obese subjects, while metabolic complications are improved with UCP1 activation by various environmental and pharmacological stimuli [65].”
BackgroundAnatomical Locations of Human Brown Adipose Tissue
Sacks, H. S., & Symonds, M. E. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-1430 · Cited by 292
“The cellular source of the low expression of UCP1 mRNA in truncal and lower-extremity subcutaneous WAT remains to be defined but might stem from the same lineage as the beige, also known as brite (brown-in-white), adipocytes recently reported by Wu et al. (21) in human adult supraclavicular BAT and by Sharp et al. (22…”
BackgroundInfluentialTranscriptional and Epigenomic Regulation of Adipogenesis
Lee, J., Schmidt, H., Lai, B., & Ge, K. (2019) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00601-18 · Cited by 272
“White adipose tissue (WAT) stores excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns energy through thermogenesis (1, 2).”
BackgroundMyristoleic acid produced by enterococci reduces obesity through brown adipose tissue activation
Quan, L., Zhang, C., Dong, M., Jiang, J., Xu, H., Yan, C., Liu, X., Zhou, H., Zhang, H., Chen, L., et al. (2019) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319114 · Cited by 258
Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity
Fukunaka, A., & Fujitani, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19020476 · Cited by 259
“White adipocytes store excess energy, whereas brown adipocytes play a role in energy expenditure [59].”
BackgroundYau, W. W., Singh, B. K., Lesmana, R., Zhou, J., Sinha, R. A., Wong, K. A., Wu, Y., Bay, B.-H., Sugii, S., Sun, L., et al. (2019) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2018.1511263 · Cited by 229
“Due to its ability to oxidize fatty acids and increase glucose utilization by lowering insulin resistance, pharmacological activation of BAT has been considered an attractive potential therapeutic approach to treat obesity and diabetes [7].”
BackgroundJeremic, N., Chaturvedi, P., & Tyagi, S. C. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25450 · Cited by 211
“It is very concerning that in modern world it is wide spread and even more concerning is that this condition leads to significant morbidity and mortality from obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (Cypess and Kahn, 2010).”
BackgroundKunkel, S. D., Elmore, C., Bongers, K. S., Ebert, S. M., Fox, D. K., Dyle, M. C., Bullard, S. A., & Adams, C. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039332 · Cited by 225
“Interestingly, we found that ursolic acid also increased brown fat, whose high rate of energy expenditure provides protection against obesity [27].”
BackgroundEndoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation regulates mitochondrial dynamics in brown adipocytes
Zhou, Z., Torres, M., Sha, H., Halbrook, C. J., den Bergh, F. V., Reinert, R. B., Yamada, T., Wang, S., Luo, Y., Hunter, A. H., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay2494 · Cited by 219
White-to-brown transdifferentiation of omental adipocytes in patients affected by pheochromocytoma
Frontini, A., Vitali, A., Perugini, J., Murano, I., Romiti, C., Ricquier, D., Guerrieri, M., & Cinti, S. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.02.005 · Cited by 218
“Because browning the human adipose organ may be a strategy to combat obesity and related disorders [34], it is important to investigate whether human white adipocytes can be converted into brown adipocytes and to determine the cell processes involved.”
BackgroundRetinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 regulates a thermogenic program in white adipose tissue
Kiefer, F. W., Vernochet, C., O’Brien, P., Spoerl, S., Brown, J. D., Nallamshetty, S., Zeyda, M., Stulnig, T. M., Cohen, D. E., Kahn, C. R., et al. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2757 · Cited by 210
Self-citationPhenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: A review
Rodríguez‐Pérez, C., Segura‐Carretero, A., & Contreras, M. D. M. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859 · Cited by 198
An endocrine role for brown adipose tissue?
Villarroya, J., Cereijo, R., & Villarroya, F. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2013 · Cited by 193
Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health
Castillo‐Armengol, J., Fajas, L., & Lopez‐Mejia, I. C. (2019) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201947903 · Cited by 178
“BAT is especially abundant in hibernating mammals [74], but can also be found in adult humans [75].”
Townsend, K. L., & Tseng, Y. (2012) · Adipocyte · doi:10.4161/adip.18951 · Cited by 182
Brown adipose tissue: Development, metabolism and beyond
Schulz, T. J., & Tseng, Y.-H. (2013) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20130457 · Cited by 173
“Brown adipose tissue, owing to its inherent capacity to convert excess food energy into thermal energy, has become a focus of biomedical research as a means to counter the spread of obesity [1,2].”
BackgroundContreras, C., González, F., Fernø, J., Diéguez, C., Rahmouni, K., Nogueiras, R., & López, M. (2014) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.919727 · Cited by 167
Between brown and white: Novel aspects of adipocyte differentiation
Cinti, S. (2011) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2010.535557 · Cited by 169
Barneda, D., Planas-Iglesias, J., Gaspar, M. L., Mohammadyani, D., Prasannan, S., Dormann, D., Han, G., Jesch, S. A., Carman, G. M., Kagan, V. E., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.07485 · Cited by 156
“…approaches for the treatment of metabolic disorders has been stimulated by the rediscovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans (Virtanen et al., 2009; Cypess and Kahn, 2010) and by the induction of multilocular brown-like cells in white adipose tissue (WAT) (Harms and Seale, 2013).”
BackgroundThe role of adipose tissue senescence in obesity- and ageing-related metabolic disorders
Liu, Z., Wu, K. K.-L., Jiang, X. X., Xu, A., & Cheng, K. K. Y. (2020) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20190966 · Cited by 148
Using brown adipose tissue to treat obesity – the central issue
Whittle, A. J., López, M., & Vidal‐Puig, A. (2011) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.04.001 · Cited by 138
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes
Than, A., He, H. L., Chua, S. H., Xu, D., Sun, L., Leow, M. K., & Chen, P. (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.643817 · Cited by 124
“Hence, stimulating brown fat formation could be a novel route to fight against obesity and related metabolic disorders (11).”
BackgroundFournier, B., Murray, B., Gutzwiller, S., Marcaletti, S., Marcellin, D., Bergling, S., Brachat, S., Persohn, E., Pierrel, E., Bombard, F., et al. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.06575-11 · Cited by 130
“It has consequently been proposed that increasing the amount and activity of brown fat could be beneficial for treating metabolic diseases where energy intake outcompetes expenditure and leads to an excess of lipid accumulation (5, 16, 26).”
BackgroundMechanism of action of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in obesity
Lun, W., Yan, Q., Guo, X., Zhou, M., Bai, Y., He, J., Cao, H., Che, Q., Guo, J., & Su, Z. (2023) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.011 · Cited by 122
“When there is a large gap in the balance between energy intake and consumption, that is, when the intake far exceeds the energy consumption, the excess energy will be converted into fat for storage, and obesity occurs 87 .”
BackgroundA Novel Therapeutic Approach to Treating Obesity through Modulation of TGFβ Signaling
Koncarevic, A., Kajimura, S., Cornwall-Brady, M. R., Andreucci, A., Pullen, A. E., Sako, D., Kumar, R., Grinberg, A. V., Liharska, K., Ucran, J. A., et al. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2012-1016 · Cited by 111
Galić, S., Loh, K., Murray‐Segal, L., Steinberg, G. R., Andrews, Z. B., & Kemp, B. E. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.32656 · Cited by 112
The Impact of Adipose Tissue–Derived miRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Cancer
Cardoso, G. S. H. R., Corrêa, L. H., & Magalhães, K. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.563816 · Cited by 113
“The recruitment and activation of constitutive BAT in humans, as well as the transdifferentiation of visceral and subcutaneous WAT into brown adipocytes appear as a new strategy for obesity treatment (79).”
BackgroundDynamic changes in lipid droplet-associated proteins in the “browning” of white adipose tissues
Barneda, D., Frontini, A., Cinti, S., & Christian, M. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.015 · Cited by 107
“The recent identification of BAT in adult humans has stimulated the exploration of its potential role in obesity or type 2 diabetes therapies [7,8].”
BackgroundThe utility of animal models to evaluate novel anti‐obesity agents
Vickers, S. P., Jackson, H. C., & Cheetham, S. C. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01245.x · Cited by 109
“…tissue biology and several independent research teams using a combination of positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, immunohistochemistry and gene and protein expression assays have shown that functional brown adipose tissue is present in man (Cypess and Kahn, 2010).”
BackgroundExaggerated effects of particulate matter air pollution in genetic type II diabetes mellitus
Liu, C., Bai, Y., Xu, X., Sun, L., Wang, A., Wang, T.-Y., Maurya, S. K., Periasamy, M., Morishita, M., Harkema, J. R., et al. (2014) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/1743-8977-11-27 · Cited by 107
BACE1: More than just a β‐secretase
Taylor, H. A., Przemylska, L., Clavane, E. M., & Meakin, P. J. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13430 · Cited by 107
Beiging of white adipose tissue as a therapeutic strategy for weight loss in humans
Thyagarajan, B., & Foster, M. T. (2017) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2017-0016 · Cited by 109
Moreno-Fernandez, M. E., Giles, D. A., Stankiewicz, T. E., Sheridan, R., Karns, R., Cappelletti, M., Lampe, K., Mukherjee, R., Sina, C., Sallese, A., et al. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.93626 · Cited by 106
“These results suggested a potential increase in brown adipose tissue–driven (BAT-driven) metabolic activity.”
BackgroundInfluentialSeo, Y., Kim, K., Choi, J., Koh, E., & Lee, B.-Y. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10060712 · Cited by 111
“A number of studies have reported that phytochemicals can ameliorate obesity by mechanisms including the downregulation of adipogenesis and upregulation of thermogenesis [42,43].”
BackgroundGunawardana, S. C., & Piston, D. W. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00570.2014 · Cited by 107
Deciphering White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity
Luong, Q. V., Huang, J. R., & Lee, K. Y. (2019) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology8020023 · Cited by 110
“BAT and brite adipocytes have been the focus of much attention in recent studies, as the ability of BAT to dissipate energy through mitochondrial uncoupling could potentially burn excess calories and combat the epidemic of obesity [9].”
BackgroundNutritional status and follicular-derived thyroid cancer: An update
Barrea, L., Gallo, M., Ruggeri, R. M., Giacinto, P. D., Sesti, F. F., Prinzi, N., Adinolfi, V., Barucca, V., Renzelli, V., Muscogiuri, G., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1714542 · Cited by 105
Roles of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis
Hu, H.-J., Garcia-Barrio, M. T., Jiang, Z., Chen, Y. E., & Chang, L. (2020) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2020.8103 · Cited by 96
“Thus, inducing BeAT instead of BAT is emerging as a strategy to treat obesity and associated diseases (23).”
BackgroundVargas‐Castillo, A., Fuentes‐Romero, R., Rodríguez-López, L. A., Torres, N., & Tovar, A. R. (2017) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.002 · Cited by 101
A ketogenic diet increases brown adipose tissue mitochondrial proteins and UCP1 levels in mice
Srivastava, S., Baxa, U., Niu, G., Chen, X. S., & Veech, R. L. (2012) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.1102 · Cited by 93
“Activation of BAT has been proposed to be an approach to combat obesity (2).”
BackgroundThe pathophysiology of abdominal adipose tissue depots in health and disease
Walker, G. E., Marzullo, P., Ricotti, R., Bona, G., & Prodam, F. (2014) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2014-0023 · Cited by 90
“This targeted induction of VAT apoptosis could, however, be of concern due to increasing the circulating levels of released lipids, increased ectopic lipid storage and the resulting overall metabolic effects including an effect on WAT transdifferentiation, and the use of BAT in treating obesity [4, 75].”
BackgroundHampton, M. E., Melvin, R. G., & Andrews, M. T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085157 · Cited by 91
“The discovery of BAT in adult humans [2-5] has generated excitement in the biomedical community because of its potential for accelerating weight loss in obese individuals [6-8].”
BackgroundAntiobesity molecular mechanisms of action: Resveratrol and pterostilbene
Pan, M., Wu, J.-C., Ho, C., & Lai, C. (2018) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.1409 · Cited by 96
“The rediscovery of functional BAT in humans provides an exciting platform for the development of pharmacological agents through either an increase in BAT thermogenesis (via an increase of mass and activity) or the induction of brown fat-like properties in WAT to dissipate energy, and hence reduce obesity [65].”
BackgroundZhu, Q., Ghoshal, S., Rodrigues, A. P. C., Gao, S., Asterian, A., Kamenecka, T. M., Barrow, J. C., & Chakraborty, A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci85510 · Cited by 89
Novel Browning Agents, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentials of Brown Adipose Tissue
Wankhade, U. D., Shen, M., Yadav, H., & Thakali, K. M. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/2365609 · Cited by 91
“…University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA 3Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 4Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Umesh D. Wankhade; udvets@gmail.com Received 15…”
BackgroundZhao, Y., Pilvar, A., Tank, A., Peterson, H. M., Jiang, J., Aster, J. C., Dumas, J. P., Pierce, M. C., & Roblyer, D. M. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19128-7 · Cited by 86
Comprehensive quantification of metabolic flux during acute cold stress in mice
Bornstein, M. R., Neinast, M. D., Zeng, X., Chu, Q., Axsom, J., Thorsheim, C. L., Li, K., Blair, M. C., Rabinowitz, J. D., & Arany, Z. P. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.002 · Cited by 87
Korach-André, M., Archer, A., Barros, R. P. A., Parini, P., & Gustafsson, J.-Α. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1017884108 · Cited by 82
Mild cold induced thermogenesis: are BAT and skeletal muscle synergistic partners?
Bal, N. C., Maurya, S. K., Pani, S., Sethy, C., Banerjee, A. T., Das, S., Patnaik, S., & Kundu, C. N. (2017) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20171087 · Cited by 80
Wang, J., Zhang, L., Li, D., Hu, X., Feng, F., & Chen, F. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05072 · Cited by 80
Caffeic acid reduces body weight by regulating gut microbiota in diet-induced-obese mice
Xu, J., Ge, J., He, X., Sheng, Y., Zheng, S., Zhang, C., Xu, W., & Huang, K. (2020) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104061 · Cited by 76
Forney, L. A., Lenard, N. R., Stewart, L. K., & Henagan, T. M. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19030895 · Cited by 71
“Namely, they are associated with increased nonshivering thermogenesis and energy expenditure and improved metabolic outcomes, including attenuation of HFD-induced obesity and white adipose tissue expansion [14,19,20].”
BackgroundPayab, M., Abedi, M., Heravani, N. F., Hadavandkhani, M., Arabi, M., Tayanloo-Beik, A., Hosseini, M. S., Gerami, H., Khatami, F., Larijani, B. A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-020-0616-5 · Cited by 69
Federico, L., Ren, H., Mueller, P. A., Wu, T., Liu, S., Popović, J., Blalock, E. M., Sunkara, M., Ovaa, H., Albers, H. M. H. G., et al. (2012) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2011-1229 · Cited by 69
Marrelli, M., Statti, G. A., & Conforti, F. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25030649 · Cited by 66
In vivo Analysis of White Adipose Tissue in Zebrafish
Minchin, J. E. N., & Rawls, J. F. (2011) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381320-6.00003-5 · Cited by 66
Slocum, N., Durrant, J., Bailey, D. W., Yoon, L., Jordan, H. L., Barton, J. C., Brown, R. H., Clifton, L. G., Milliken, T., Harrington, W. W., et al. (2012) · Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.etp.2012.04.001 · Cited by 68
Chinese Medicine in the Battle Against Obesity and Metabolic Diseases
Xu, L., Zhao, W., Wang, D., & Ma, X. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00850 · Cited by 65
You, Y., Han, X., Guo, J., Guo, Y., Yin, M., Liu, G., Huang, W., & Zhan, J. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.025 · Cited by 65
A Diurnal Rhythm in Glucose Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue Revealed by In Vivo PET‐FDG Imaging
van der Veen, D. R., Shao, J., Chapman, S. E., Leevy, W. M., & Duffield, G. E. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2012.78 · Cited by 65
Sharma, R., Matsuzaka, T., Kaushik, M. K., Sugasawa, T., Ohno, H., Wang, Y., Motomura, K., Shimura, T., Okajima, Y., Mizunoe, Y., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41631-1 · Cited by 67
Chouinard, V., Pingali, S. M., Chouinard, G., Henderson, D. C., Mallya, S. G., Cypess, A. M., Cohen, B. M., & Öngür, D. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.024 · Cited by 64
“There are novel approaches being studied for treatment of obesity and diabetes in the general population, including targeting bioenergetics and brown fat in adipose tissue (Cypess and Kahn, 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGatidis, S., Schmidt, H., Pfannenberg, C., Nikolaou, K., Schick, F., & Schwenzer, N. F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151152 · Cited by 69
STK3/STK4 signalling in adipocytes regulates mitophagy and energy expenditure
Cho, Y. K., Son, Y., Saha, A., Kim, D., Choi, C., Kim, M., Park, J. H., Im, H., Han, J., Kim, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00362-2 · Cited by 61
Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease
Parra-Peralbo, E., Talamillo, A., & Barrio, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.786129 · Cited by 66
“A comprehensive understanding of the origin of white/brown/ beige adipocytes differentiation is of upmost interest given the potential to induce browning AT in obese patients (Cypess and Kahn, 2010).”
BackgroundHosick, P. A., AlAmodi, A. A., Storm, M. V., Gousset, M., Pruett, B. E., Gray, W., Stout, J., & Stec, D. E. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.61 · Cited by 63
Reversal of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by inducible genetic ablation of GRK2
Vila‐Bedmar, R., Cruces‐Sande, M., Lucas, E., Willemen, H. L. D. M., Heijnen, C. J., Kavelaars, A., Mayor, F., & Murga, C. (2015) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaa4374 · Cited by 62
Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome
Shorakae, S., Jona, E., de Courten, B. V., Lambert, G. W., Lambert, É., Phillips, S. E., Clarke, I. J., Teede, H. J., & Henry, B. A. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13913 · Cited by 65
Porro, S., Genchi, V. A., Cignarelli, A., Natalicchio, A., Laviola, L., Giorgino, F., & Perrini, S. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01446-8 · Cited by 64
Guo, Y., Wan, Z., Zhao, P., Wei, M., Liu, Y., Bu, T., Sun, W., Li, Z., & Yuan, L. (2021) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-021-01145-3 · Cited by 60
“BAT is essential for thermogenesis and energy balance in mammals, and in vivo experiments’ results revealed its promotion for energy expenditure, reduction of adiposity, and protecting mice from diet-induced obesity [15, 32, 33].”
BackgroundECM microenvironment unlocks brown adipogenic potential of adult human bone marrow-derived MSCs
Lee, M. H., Goralczyk, A. G., Kriszt, R., Ang, X. M., Badowski, C., Li, Y., Summers, S. A., Toh, S.-A. E. S., Yassin, M. S., Shabbir, A., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21173 · Cited by 59
Systems biology approaches to study lipidomes in health and disease
Alves, M. A., Lamichhane, S., Dickens, A. M., McGlinchey, A. J., Ribeiro, H. C., Sen, P., Wei, F., Hyötyläinen, T., & Orešič, M. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158857 · Cited by 59
Ghoshal, S., Zhu, Q., Asteian, A., Lin, H., Xu, H., Ernst, G. E., Barrow, J. C., Xu, B., Cameron, M. D., Kamenecka, T. M., et al. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.08.008 · Cited by 58
Chen, M. Z., Chang, J. C., Zavala-Solorio, J., Kates, L., Thai, M., Ogasawara, A., Bai, X., Flanagan, S., Nunez, V., Phamluong, K., et al. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.003 · Cited by 58
A pilot study of FDG PET/CT detects a link between brown adipose tissue and breast cancer
Cao, Q., Hersl, J., La, H., Smith, M. F., Jenkins, J., Goloubeva, O. G., Dilsizian, V., Tkaczuk, K. H. R., Chen, W., & Jones, L. P. (2014) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-126 · Cited by 58
Nobiletin induces brown adipocyte-like phenotype and ameliorates stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Lone, J. B., Parray, H. A., & Yun, J. W. (2017) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2017.11.021 · Cited by 59
Single-nucleus transcriptomics identifies separate classes of UCP1 and futile cycle adipocytes
Wang, T., Sharma, A. K., Wu, C., Maushart, C. I., Ghosh, A., Yang, W., Štefanička, P., Kovaničová, Z., Ukropec, J., Zhang, J., et al. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.005 · Cited by 70
Brown Adipose Tissue Function Is Enhanced in Long-Lived, Male Ames Dwarf Mice
Darcy, J., McFadden, S., Fang, Y., Huber, J. A., Zhang, C., Sun, L. Y., & Bartke, A. (2016) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1593 · Cited by 58
“Alternative therapeutics, such as BAT activation, are currently under investigation to combat the alarming increase in global obesity (2).”
BackgroundLapid, K., Lim, A., Clegg, D. J., Zeve, D., & Graff, J. M. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6196 · Cited by 54
Franssens, B. T., Hoogduin, H. M., Leiner, T., van der Graaf, Y., & Visseren, F. L. J. (2017) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.25594 · Cited by 55
Magnolol promotes thermogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Parray, H. A., Lone, J. B., Park, J. P., Choi, J. W., & Yun, J. W. (2018) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.01.017 · Cited by 54
Brown Adipose Tissue: Activation and Metabolism in Humans
Hachemi, I., & U-Din, M. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2023.1659 · Cited by 58
“These brown-like adipocytes have been interchangeably termed as “brite” [16], “beige” [13], or “recruitable brown” [17] due to their occurrence within white adipose tissue, histologically manifesting in the form of clusters of small islands [18], and reversible white-to-brown transdifferentiation [19].”
BackgroundAnti-obesity potential of natural methylxanthines
Carrageta, D. F., Dias, T. R., Alves, M. G., Oliveira, P. F., Monteiro, M. P., & Silva, B. M. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.001 · Cited by 52
Fasting and Postprandial Activity of Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Men
Vrieze, A., Schopman, J. E., Admiraal, W. M., Soeters, M. R., Nieuwdorp, M., Verberne, H. J., & Holleman, F. (2012) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.111.100701 · Cited by 52
“Harnessing BAT to increase energy expenditure in humans might be a novel approach to fight obesity (4).”
BackgroundLundström, E., Strand, R., Johansson, L. O. M., Bergsten, P., Ahlström, H. K., & Kullberg, J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126705 · Cited by 50
Distinct regulation of hypothalamic and brown/beige adipose tissue activities in human obesity
Rachid, B., van de Sande‐Lee, S., Rodovalho, S., Folli, F. B., Beltramini, G. C., Morari, J., Amorim, B. J., Pedro, T., Ramalho, A. F. S., Bombassaro, B., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.94 · Cited by 51
Wang, L., Wei, Y., Ning, C., Zhang, M., Fan, P., Lei, D., Du, J., Gale, M., Ma, Y.-T., & Yang, Y. (2019) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0467 · Cited by 51
Not all fats are created equal: adipose vs. ectopic fat, implication in cardiometabolic diseases
Gaggini, M., Saponaro, C., & Gastaldelli, A. (2015) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2015-0006 · Cited by 51
Gong, Z., Zhang, X., Su, K., Jiang, R., Sun, Z., Chen, W., Forno, E., Goetzman, E. S., Wang, J., Dong, H. H., et al. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-04983-x · Cited by 51
“Indeed, defects in BAT development or activity have been shown to cause obesity and the related metabolic syndrome [40], while boosting the development and function of BAT has been found to provide beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome [41].”
BackgroundOverfeeding Over 24 Hours Does Not Activate Brown Adipose Tissue in Humans
Schlögl, M., Piaggi, P., Thiyyagura, P., Reiman, E. M., Chen, K., Lutrin, C. L., Krakoff, J. A., & Thearle, M. S. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2387 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Cypess, A. M., & Kahn, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kahn, C Ronald
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-149
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3593105
- OpenAlex
- W2061096962
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RC1DK087317, DK-082659, K23DK081604, P30DK046200, DK046200, DK087317, DK081604, P30DK036836, R01DK082659)
- National Center for Research Resources (KL2RR025757, RR025757)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- brown adipose tissue, obesity, type 2 diabetes, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, weight loss, bat origin
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Models, Biological, Obesity, Anti-Obesity Agents, Thermogenesis, Body Fat Distribution, Cell Transdifferentiation, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
