Cited by 487Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPregnancy and preeclampsia studiesGestational Diabetes Research and Management

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Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth

Newbern, Dorothee, Freemark, Michael·2011·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity

DOI 10.1097/med.0b013e32834c800d

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Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the roles of the placental and pituitary hormones in the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to promoting growth of maternal tissues, placental growth hormone (GH-V) induces maternal insulin resistance and thereby facilitates the mobilization of maternal nutrients for fetal growth. Human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin increase maternal food intake by induction of central leptin resistance and promote maternal beta-cell expansion and insulin production to defend against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The effects of the lactogens are mediated by diverse signaling pathways and are potentiated by glucose. Pathologic conditions of pregnancy are associated with dysregulation of GH-V and hPL gene expression. SUMMARY: The somatogenic and lactogenic hormones of the placenta and maternal pituitary gland integrate the metabolic adaptations of pregnancy with the demands of fetal and neonatal development. Dysregulation of placental growth hormone and/or placental lactogen in pathologic conditions of pregnancy may adversely impact fetal growth and postnatal metabolic function.

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Authors: Newbern, D., & Freemark, M.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Corresponding author: Newbern, Dorothee
ORCID: Newbern, Dorothee
Freemark, Michael
Venue: Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Pages: 409-416
ISSN: 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32834c800d
OpenAlex: W2160934677
Cited by: 487
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 2.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Endocrine Fellows Foundation
National Institutes of Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Keywords: placental hormones, maternal metabolism, fetal growth, placental growth hormone, human placental lactogen, prolactin, leptin resistance, maternal insulin resistance, gestational diabetes mellitus, beta-cell expansion, glucose signaling, pregnancy complications, pituitary hormones
MeSH terms: Female, Fetus, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Insulin, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pituitary Gland, Placenta, Placental Hormones, Pregnancy, Leptin, Fetal Development, Adipokines

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Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth

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