Cited by 487Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsPregnancy and preeclampsia studiesGestational Diabetes Research and Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth

Newbern, Dorothee, Freemark, Michael·2011·Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity

DOI 10.1097/med.0b013e32834c800d

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the roles of the placental and pituitary hormones in the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to promoting growth of maternal tissues, placental growth hormone (GH-V) induces maternal insulin resistance and thereby facilitates the mobilization of maternal nutrients for fetal growth. Human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin increase maternal food intake by induction of central leptin resistance and promote maternal beta-cell expansion and insulin production to defend against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. The effects of the lactogens are mediated by diverse signaling pathways and are potentiated by glucose. Pathologic conditions of pregnancy are associated with dysregulation of GH-V and hPL gene expression. SUMMARY: The somatogenic and lactogenic hormones of the placenta and maternal pituitary gland integrate the metabolic adaptations of pregnancy with the demands of fetal and neonatal development. Dysregulation of placental growth hormone and/or placental lactogen in pathologic conditions of pregnancy may adversely impact fetal growth and postnatal metabolic function.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/med.0b013e32834c800d

Cites

69 of 69 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Effect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and Disease
Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., & Thornburg, K. L. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0708473 · Cited by 3,898
Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: Leptin as a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans
Masuzaki, H., Ogawa, Y., Sagawa, N., Hosoda, K., Matsumoto, T., Mise, H., Nishimura, H., Yoshimasa, Y., Tanaka, I., Mori, T., et al. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0997-1029 · Cited by 1,277
Cellular Mechanisms for Insulin Resistance in Normal Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes
Barbour, L. A., McCurdy, C. E., Hernandez, T. L., Kirwan, J. P., Catalano, P. M., & Friedman, J. E. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-s202 · Cited by 811
TNF-α Is a Predictor of Insulin Resistance in Human Pregnancy
Kirwan, J. P., Hauguel-De Mouzon, S., Lepercq, J., Challier, J.-C., Huston-Presley, L., Friedman, J. E., Kalhan, S. C., & Catalano, P. M. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2207 · Cited by 738
Pregnancy-Stimulated Neurogenesis in the Adult Female Forebrain Mediated by Prolactin
Shingo, T., Gregg, C., Enwere, E. K., Fujikawa, H., Hassam, R., Geary, C. L., Cross, J. C., & Weiss, S. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076647 · Cited by 711
β-Cell Replication Is the Primary Mechanism Subserving the Postnatal Expansion of β-Cell Mass in Humans
Meier, J. J., Butler, A. E., Saisho, Y., Monchamp, T., Galasso, R., Bhushan, A., Rizza, R. A., & Butler, P. C. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1369 · Cited by 683
Endocrine Regulation of Human Fetal Growth: The Role of the Mother, Placenta, and Fetus
Murphy, V. E., Smith, R., Giles, W. B., & Clifton, V. L. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0011 · Cited by 673
Maternal and Fetal Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenal Axes During Pregnancy and Postpartum
MASTORAKOS, G., & ILIAS, I. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1290.016 · Cited by 621
β cell replication is the primary mechanism for maintaining postnatal β cell mass
Georgia, S. K., & Bhushan, A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci22098 · Cited by 510
Role of Gestational Hormones in the Induction of Insulin Resistance*
Ryan, E. A., & Enns, L. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-67-2-341 · Cited by 401

Show all 70 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Setia, 2009, Changes in GHIGF-1 axis in intrauterine growth retardation: consequences of fetal programming Horm Metab R, es, 41, 791

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 487

Extracellular vesicles generated by placental tissues ex vivo: A transport system for immune mediators and growth factors
Fitzgerald, W., Gomez‐Lopez, N., Erez, O., Romero, R. J., & Margolis, L. B. (2018) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12860 · Cited by 49
Placental Microarray Profiling Reveals Common mRNA and lncRNA Expression Patterns in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Medina-Bastidas, D., Guzmán‐Huerta, M., Borboa-Olivares, H. J., Ruiz-Cruz, C., Parra-Hernández, S., Pliego, A. F., Salido-Guadarrama, I., Camargo-Marín, L., Arámbula‐Meraz, E., & Estrada‐Gutiérrez, G. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21103597 · Cited by 47
Pregnancy in acromegaly patients treated with pegvisomant
van der Lely, A. J., Gomez, R., Heissler, J. F., Åkerblad, A., Jönsson, P., Camacho‐Hübner, C., & Kołtowska‐Häggström, M. (2014) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-014-0508-3 · Cited by 47
Ketones in Pregnancy: Why Is It Considered Necessary to Avoid Them and What Is the Evidence Behind Their Perceived Risk?
Tanner, H. L., Dekker Nitert, M., Callaway, L. K., & Barrett, H. L. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2008 · Cited by 46
Defective prolactin signaling impairs pancreatic β-cell development during the perinatal period
Auffret, J., Freemark, M., Carré, N., Mathieu, Y., Tourrel-Cuzin, C., Lombès, M., Movassat, J., & Binart, N. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00636.2012 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
The prolactin receptor as a therapeutic target in human diseases: browsing new potential indications
Goffin, V., & Touraine, P. A. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2015.1053209 · Cited by 46
“Although they all exhibit binding affinity in the nanomolar range, one should note that GH circulating levels are 10-fold lower than PRL levels, and that placental lactogen is almost exclusively produced during pregnancy [11].”
Background
Body fat mass and the proportion of very large adipocytes in pregnant women are associated with gestational insulin resistance
Svensson, H., Wetterling, L., Bosaeus, M., Odén, B., Odén, A., Jennische, E., Edén, S., Holmäng, A. B., & Lönn, M. (2015) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.232 · Cited by 46
“2 Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, gestational insulin resistance has been attributed to insulin-desensitizing effects of placental hormones, mainly placental growth hormone, 3 and increased maternal adiposity.”
A Role for the Placenta in Programming Maternal Mood and Childhood Behavioural Disorders
Janssen, A. B., Kertes, D. A., McNamara, G. I., Braithwaite, E., Creeth, H., Glover, V. A. S., & John, R. M. (2016) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12373 · Cited by 51
“Human placental lactogen (hPL) is produced by the placental syncytiotrophoblast and secreted into the maternal circulation, replacing prolactin as the main lactogenic hormone during pregnancy (42).”
Background
Maternal microbiome in preeclampsia pathophysiology and implications on offspring health
Ishimwe, J. A. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14875 · Cited by 45
“Normal pregnancy is associated with numerous hormonal, metabolic, and immunological changes that are associated with other diseases outside of pregnancy but are healthy adaptation to pregnancy (Newbern & Freemark, 2011).”
Background
Metformin therapy before conception versus throughout the pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Bidhendi Yarandi, R., Behboudi-Gandevani, S., Amiri, M., & Ramezani Tehrani, F. (2019) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-019-0453-7 · Cited by 29
Pregnancy and acromegaly
Muhammad, A. A., Neggers, S. J. C. M. M., & van der Lely, A. J. (2016) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-016-0740-3 · Cited by 44
“Placental and maternal pituitary hormones tightly regulate fetal growth and placental GH mobilizes maternal nutrients for fetal growth by inducing maternal insulin resistance [6].”
Background
Placental control of metabolic adaptations in the mother for an optimal pregnancy outcome. What goes wrong in gestational diabetes?
Hill, D. J. (2018) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2018.01.002 · Cited by 46
Human Placental Growth Hormone Variant in Pathological Pregnancies
Liao, S., Vickers, M. H., Stanley, J. L., Baker, P. N., & Perry, J. K. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00037 · Cited by 44
High Fructose Intake During Pregnancy in Rats Influences the Maternal Microbiome and Gut Development in the Offspring
Astbury, S., Song, A., Zhou, M., Nielsen, B., Hoedl, A., Willing, B. P., Symonds, M. E., & Bell, R. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00203 · Cited by 44
“During pregnancy, substantial changes in maternal hormones, immune function, and metabolism occur (Mor and Cardenas, 2010; Newbern and Freemark, 2011) that could impact on the microbiome which in some human studies has been suggested to result in a more obesogenic profile (Collado et al.”
Background
Using Experimental Models to Assess Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) and Phthalates on the Placenta: Challenges and Perspectives
Strakovsky, R. S., & Schantz, S. L. (2018) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfy224 · Cited by 44
“Structure and Classifica on Placental growth hormone: regulates maternal IGF-1 release – controls maternal metabolic adapta on to pregnancy together with placental lactogen (Lacroix et al. 2002; Newbern and Freemark 2011).”
Background
Imprinted genes and the regulation of placental endocrine function: Pregnancy and beyond
John, R. M. (2017) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.099 · Cited by 43
Maternal Malic Acid May Ameliorate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows through Modulating Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolic Profiles during Late Pregnancy
Chen, M., Zhao, Y. Y., Li, S., Chang, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, D., Wang, S., Zhang, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13020253 · Cited by 41
“During late pregnancy, the fetus undergoes rapid growth and the metabolic intensity of the mother’s body increases [25,26].”
Background
Landscape of the gut mycobiome dynamics during pregnancy and its relationship with host metabolism and pregnancy health
Fu, Y., Gou, W., Wu, P., Lai, Y., Liang, X., Zhang, K., Shuai, M., Tang, J., Miao, Z., Chen, J., et al. (2024) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332260 · Cited by 40
The human placenta and its role in reproductive outcomes revisited
Aye, I. L. M. H., Tong, S., Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2024 · Cited by 49
Differential placental expression profile of human Growth Hormone/Chorionic Somatomammotropin genes in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus
Männik, J., Vaas, P., Rull, K., Teesalu, P., & Laan, M. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.009 · Cited by 40
“PGH has been suggested to act as potent insulin antagonist that stimulates maternal lipolysis and thereby promotes availability of sparse glucose and other nutrients for transplacental delivery and fetal growth (Newbern and Freemark, 2011).”
Background
Piecing together the puzzle of pancreatic islet adaptation in pregnancy
Banerjee, R. R. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13552 · Cited by 41
Plasma metabolites, especially lipid metabolites, are altered in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Zhan, Y., Wang, J., He, X., Huang, M., Yang, X., He, L., Qiu, Y., & Lou, Y. (2021) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.023 · Cited by 42
The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity
Alsharairi, N. A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113702 · Cited by 44
“Placental growth hormones such as lactogen, progesterone and prolactin are implicated in increased appetite through activating leptinsecretion, βcell expansion and insulin dependent lipogenesis, leading to enhance maternal/fetal fat deposition, fetal growth and glycogenesis [68,69].”
Background
Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
Sibiak, R., Ożegowska, K., Wender-Ożegowska, E., Gutaj, P., Mozdziak, P. E., & Kempisty, B. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14102025 · Cited by 47
“However, in the subsequent weeks of pregnancy, human placental lactogen (HCS), progesterone, cortisol, prolactin, and placental-derived human growth hormone (GH-V) compensates, which results in the observed decrease in insulin sensitivity during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy [7].”
Background
An increase in immature β-cells lacking Glut2 precedes the expansion of β-cell mass in the pregnant mouse
Beamish, C. A., Zhang, L., Szlapinski, S. K., Strutt, B. J., & Hill, D. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182256 · Cited by 39
Endocrinology of Human Pregnancy and Fetal-Placental Neuroendocrine Development
Mesiano, S. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00011-1 · Cited by 42
Dietary intake variations from pre-conception to gestational period according to the degree of industrial processing: A Brazilian cohort
Alves‐Santos, N. H., Eshriqui, I., Franco‐Sena, A. B., Cocate, P. G., Vilela, A. A. F., Benaim, C., Vaz, J. D. S., de Castro, M. B. T., & Kac, G. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.027 · Cited by 38
“Thus, pregnant women have an increased energy and nutrient demands that should be provided by food intake in appropriate amounts and quality (Newbern & Freemark, 2011).”
Breast cancer, placenta and pregnancy
Fröhlich, K., Schmidt, A., Héger, J., Al-Kawlani, B., Aberl, C. A., Jeschke, U., Loibl, S., & Markert, U. R. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.03.021 · Cited by 37
Pregnancy Hyperglycemia in Prolactin Receptor Mutant, but Not Prolactin Mutant, Mice and Feeding-Responsive Regulation of Placental Lactogen Genes Implies Placental Control of Maternal Glucose Homeostasis1
Rawn, S. M., Huang, C., Hughes, M. L., Shaykhutdinov, R. A., Vogel, H. J., & Cross, J. C. (2015) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.132431 · Cited by 36
Formaldehyde Crosses the Human Placenta and Affects Human Trophoblast Differentiation and Hormonal Functions
Pidoux, G., Gerbaud, P., Guibourdenche, J., Thérond, P., Ferreira, F., Simasotchi, C., Evain‐Brion, D., & Gil, S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133506 · Cited by 36
“Human PL and pGH are both involved in maternal adaptation to pregnancy and in the control of fetal growth [53,54].”
Background
Prolactin promotes normal liver growth, survival, and regeneration in rodents: effects on hepatic IL-6, suppressor of cytokine signaling-3, and angiogenesis
Moreno-Carranza, B., Goya-Arce, M., Vega, C., Adán, N., Triebel, J., López-Barrera, F., Quintanar‐Stephano, A., Binart, N., de la Escalera, G. M., & Clapp, C. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00282.2013 · Cited by 39
“production (35), which may promote fetal and neonatal liver development.”
Background
Metabolic adaptations to pregnancy in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnancies: the pancreas - placenta Axis
Szlapinski, S. K., & Hill, D. J. (2020) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161118666200320111209 · Cited by 56
Cancer in pregnancy: safety and efficacy of systemic therapies
Boere, I. A., Lok, C. A. R., Vandenbroucke, T., & Amant, F. C. (2017) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000000386 · Cited by 35
Rising maternal circulating GH during murine pregnancy suggests placental regulation
Gatford, K. L., Mühlhäusler, B. S., Huang, L., Sim, P. S.-L., Roberts, C. T., Velhuis, J. D., & Chen, C. (2017) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-17-0032 · Cited by 34
Pancreatic prolactin receptor signaling regulates maternal glucose homeostasis
Nteeba, J., Kubota, K., Wang, W., Zhu, H., Vivian, J. L., Dai, G., & Soares, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-18-0518 · Cited by 34
Plasma Prolactin and Progesterone Levels and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective and Longitudinal Study in a Multiracial Cohort
Li, M., Song, Y., Rawal, S., Hinkle, S. N., Zhu, Y., Ayele, F. T., Ferrara, A. M., Tsai, M. Y., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00083 · Cited by 35
“During pregnancy, several reproductive hormones, including prolactin and progesterone, rise continuously and reachmany folds of their pre-pregnant levels (2), and these hormones are long thought to play a central role in regulating the metabolic changes in pregnancy (3, 4).”
Background
Gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases during pregnancy
Liu, Z.-Z., Sun, J., & Wang, W. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i10.2976 · Cited by 36
Systemic regulation of adipose metabolism
Carmean, C. M., Cohen, R., & Brady, M. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.06.004 · Cited by 33
“view, and will not be discussed (but was extensively reviewed in [31–33]).”
Background
A Prolactin Family Paralog Regulates Placental Adaptations to a Physiological Stressor1
Bu, P., Alam, S. M. K., Dhakal, P., Vivian, J. L., & Soares, M. J. (2016) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.138032 · Cited by 33
The contribution of imprinted genes to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders
Isles, A. R. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01972-4 · Cited by 38
“In addition to nutrient transport, the placenta is also an endocrine organ that releases hormones into the maternal circulation, influencing metabolism and foetal growth [85].”
Background
Effects of dietary nutrient levels on microbial community composition and diversity in the ileal contents of pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs
Ji, Y., Kong, X., Li, H., Zhu, Q., Guo, Q., & Yin, Y. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172086 · Cited by 32
Early versus 6–12 week postpartum glucose tolerance testing for women with gestational diabetes
Carter, E. B., Martin, S., Temming, L. A., Colditz, G. A., Macones, G. A., & Tuuli, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1038/jp.2017.159 · Cited by 33
“This is because levels of the placental factors (human placental lactogen, progesterone, prolactin, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor) responsible for the insulin resistance in pregnancy quickly decline after delivery.(16) Therefore, one strategy to improve postpartum screening rates after GDM would be to test women fol…”
Background
Dramatic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome Around Parturition and Its Relationship With Host Serum Metabolic Changes in Sows
Huang, X., Gao, J., Zhao, Y., He, M., Ke, S., Wu, J., Zhou, Y., Fu, H., Yang, H., Chen, C., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02123 · Cited by 33
“The physiological state of females during the perinatal period (including hormone levels, metabolism, and immunity) undergoes dramatic changes (Newbern and Freemark, 2011).”
Background
Identification of hub‐methylated differentially expressed genes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus by multi‐omic WGCNA basing epigenome‐wide and transcriptome‐wide profiling
Chen, M., Yan, J., Han, Q., Luo, J., & Zhang, Q. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.29584 · Cited by 31
“In addition, the placenta secretes placental growth hormones (PGH) to control maternal metabolism and fetal growth.(7) PGH is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast and gradually replaces pituitary growth hormone in the circulatory system of mothers from the mid‐gestation term.”
Background
Placental PHLDA2 expression is increased in cases of fetal growth restriction following reduced fetal movements
Janssen, A. B., Tunster, S. J., Heazell, A. E. P., & John, R. M. (2016) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0279-1 · Cited by 32
“…statistical significance ( p = 0.07) but this can be explained if, as in the mouse [19, 21], elevated PHLDA2 drives both growth restriction and reduced placental lactogen expression. hPL plays an important role in maternal glucose management during pregnancy and in the control of fetal growth [28].”
Influential
Triglycerides/Glucose and Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Indices in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies: A Longitudinal Study
Poveda, N. E., Garcés, M. F., Darghan, A. E., Jaimes, S. A. B., Sánchez, E. P., Díaz-Cruz, L. A., Garzón-Olivares, C. D., Parra‐Pineda, M. O., Bautista‐Charry, A. A., Müller, E. Á., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2018/8956404 · Cited by 31
“Different proinflammatory adipocytokines, produced by the placenta and in the adipose tissue, lead to the development of low-grade chronic inflammation state [7].”
Background
Epigenetic Alterations Related to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Valencia‐Ortega, J., Saucedo, R., Sánchez-Rodrı́guez, M. A., Cruz-Durán, J. G., & Ramos-Martínez, E. G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179462 · Cited by 35
“The placenta secretes steroids, hormones and cytokines that are necessary for the correct course of pregnancy [40,41].”
Background
The Gut Microbial Signature of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Association With Diet Intervention
Wu, N., Zhou, J., Mo, H., Mu, Q., Su, H., Li, M., Yu, Y., Liu, A., Zhang, Q., Xu, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.800865 · Cited by 35
Paternal obesity induces placental hypoxia and sex-specific impairments in placental vascularization and offspring metabolism
Jazwiec, P. A., Patterson, V. S., Ribeiro, T. A., Yeo, E., Kennedy, K. M., Mathias, P. C. D. F., Petrik, J., & Sloboda, D. M. (2022) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1093/biolre/ioac066 · Cited by 43
“The placenta secretes endocrine factors, including placental lactogen (PL), which facilitate maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy [40].”
Background
Perturbation of placental protein glycosylation by endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes maladaptation of maternal hepatic glucose metabolism
Yung, H. W., Zhao, X., Glover, L., Burrin, C., Pang, P., Jones, C. J. P., Gill, C. A., Duhig, K. E., Olovsson, M. H., Chappell, L. C., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105911 · Cited by 32
“Increased maternal appetite and leptin resistance initially promote lipid accumulation,(2) while developing maternal peripheral insulin resistance later increases hepatic gluconeogenesis, reduces glucose uptake in maternal skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and increases lipolysis, releasing glucose and lipids for tr…”
Hypothalamic Control of Prolactin Secretion, and the Multiple Reproductive Functions of Prolactin
Grattan, D. R., & Tissier, P. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00012-0 · Cited by 31
Differential Placental Gene Expression in Term Pregnancies Affected by Fetal Growth Restriction and Macrosomia
Sabri, A., Lai, D., D’Silva, A., Seeho, S. K. M., Kaur, J., Ng, C. H. M., & Hyett, J. A. (2014) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000360535 · Cited by 33
Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy
Kapur, A., McIntyre, D. H., & Hod, M. (2019) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.009 · Cited by 30
A pregnancy complication-dependent change in SIgA-targeted microbiota during third trimester
Cui, M., Qi, C., Yang, L., Zhang, M., Wang, H., She, G., Yu, R., Miao, T., & Sun, J. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo02919b · Cited by 30
Late gestation fetal hyperglucagonaemia impairs placental function and results in diminished fetal protein accretion and decreased fetal growth
Cilvik, S. N., Wesolowski, S. R., Anthony, R. V., Brown, L. D., & Rozance, P. J. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp281288 · Cited by 34
Assessing urinary phenol and paraben mixtures in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study
Chen, W., Robledo, C. A., Davis, E. M., Goodman, J. R., Xu, C., Hwang, J., Janitz, A. E., Garwe, T., Calafat, A. M., & Peck, J. D. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113897 · Cited by 31
Progestogens for the prevention of preterm birth and risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Pergialiotis, V., Bellos, I., Hatziagelaki, E., Antsaklis, A., Loutradis, D., & Daskalakis, G. (2019) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.05.033 · Cited by 22
Obesity and regulation of human placental lactogen production in pregnancy
Cattini, P. A., Jin, Y., Jarmasz, J. S., Noorjahan, N., & Bock, M. E. (2020) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12859 · Cited by 33
Extracellular vesicles and their potential role inducing changes in maternal insulin sensitivity during gestational diabetes mellitus
Nair, S., Ormazábal, V., Lappas, M., McIntyre, D. H., & Salomón, C. (2020) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13361 · Cited by 30
Evolution of Placental Hormones: Implications for Animal Models
Carter, A. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.891927 · Cited by 35
“2 Placental Lactogens Human PL is found in maternal plasma at around 6 weeks and reaches a plateau by 32-35 weeks of gestation (68).”
BackgroundInfluential
Breast Cancer (Diagnosed) During Pregnancy: Adapting Recent Advances in Breast Cancer Care for Pregnant Patients
Loibl, S., Schmidt, A., Gentilini, O., Kaufman, B., Kuhl, C., Denkert, C., von Minckwitz, G., Parokonnaya, A. A., Stensheim, H., Thomssen, C., et al. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_59 · Cited by 29
Perinatal outcome in pregnant women with cancer: are there any effects of chemotherapy?
Garofalo, S., Degennaro, V. A., Salvi, S., Carolis, M. P. D., Capelli, G., Ferrazzani, S., Carolis, S. D., & Lanzone, A. (2016) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12564 · Cited by 28
“…with a small size at birth include a compromised placental supply of nutrients and oxygen to the foetus (in 80%–90% of all cases), altered metabolic adaptations to pregnancy and chronic inflammation (Cotechini & Graham, 2015; Newbern & Freemark, 2011; Rakers et al., 2015; Sankaran & Kyle, 2009).”
Background
Inhibition of IL-1beta improves Glycaemia in a Mouse Model for Gestational Diabetes
Schulze, F., Wehner, J., Kratschmar, D. V., Makshana, V., Meier, D. T., Häuselmann, S. P., Dalmas, É., Thienel, C., Dror, E., Wiedemann, S. J., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59701-0 · Cited by 32
Impact of pregnancy related hormones on drug metabolizing enzyme and transport protein concentrations in human hepatocytes
Fashe, M. M., Fallon, J. K., Miner, T. A., Tiley, J. B., Smith, P. C., & Lee, C. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1004010 · Cited by 28
“A dramatic increase in the synthesis and secretion of major placental-derived steroidal hormones and peptide hormones into the maternal circulation is a hallmark of pregnancy (Newbern and Freemark, 2011).”
Background
Perspectives from metabolomics in the early diagnosis and prognosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Zhang, M., & Yang, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.967191 · Cited by 28
“The insulin receptor signal is affected by increased placental lactogen, placenta-derived human growth hormone, progesterone, cortisol, prolactin, and other hormones, leading to GDM (11).”
Background
Developmental programming: the role of growth hormone
Oberbauer, A. M. (2015) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-015-0001-8 · Cited by 28
“Newbern D, Freemark M. Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth.”
Background
Serum from pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus increases the expression of FABP4 mRNA in primary subcutaneous human pre-adipocytes
Li, L., Lee, S. J., Kook, S. Y., Ahn, T. G., Lee, J. Y., & Hwang, J. Y. (2017) · Obstetrics & Gynecology Science · doi:10.5468/ogs.2017.60.3.274 · Cited by 29
“Also, hPL stimulates beta cell replication in the pancreas and plays important roles in pancreatic adaptation to maternal insulin resistance [18].”
Background
Offspring of Mice Exposed to a Low-Protein Diet in Utero Demonstrate Changes in mTOR Signaling in Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans, Associated with Altered Glucagon and Insulin Expression and a Lower β-Cell Mass
King, R., Hill, J. L., Saha, B., Tong, Y., Strutt, B. J., Russell, M. A., Morgan, N. G., Richardson, S. J., & Hill, D. J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030605 · Cited by 28
“This is compensated by the pregnancy-associated increase in β-cell mass and glucose-stimulated insulin release to maintain maternal euglycemia [13].”
Background
Maternal diet during pregnancy and adaptive changes in the maternal and fetal pancreas have implications for future metabolic health
Hill, D. J., & Hill, T. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1456629 · Cited by 34
Effect of pregnancy on insulin requirements differs between type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A cohort study of 222 pregnancies
Padmanabhan, S., Jiang, S., McLean, M. P., & Cheung, N. W. (2016) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.12446 · Cited by 27
GRP94 Is an Essential Regulator of Pancreatic β-Cell Development, Mass, and Function in Male Mice
Kim, D., Song, L., Wang, J., Wu, H., Gu, G., Sugi, Y., Li, Z., & Wang, H. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2017-00685 · Cited by 27
Interleukin‐7, T helper 1, and regulatory T‐cell activity‐related cytokines are increased during the second trimester of healthy pregnancy compared to non‐pregnant women
Tagoma, A., Haller‐Kikkatalo, K., Roos, K., Oras, A., Kirss, A., Ilonen, J., & Uibo, R. (2019) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13188 · Cited by 27
Offspring genetic effects on maternal care
Potter, H. G., Ashbrook, D. G., & Hager, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.004 · Cited by 28
Chromosomal architecture and placental expression of the human growth hormone gene family are targeted by pre-pregnancy maternal obesity
Jin, Y., Vakili, H., Liu, S. Y., Menticoglou, S. M., Bock, M. E., & Cattini, P. A. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00042.2018 · Cited by 26
“By contrast, hGH-V, which replaces hGH-N during pregnancy binds the hGH receptor with high affinity (40).”
BackgroundInfluential
The placental programming hypothesis: Placental endocrine insufficiency and the co-occurrence of low birth weight and maternal mood disorders
Creeth, H., & John, R. M. (2020) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.011 · Cited by 28
Maternal Physiology of Pregnancy
Longo, L. D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7483-2_10 · Cited by 28
The physiological basis with uterine myometrium contractions from electro-mechanical/hormonal myofibril function to the term and preterm labor
Zangeneh, F. Z., & Hantoushzadeh, S. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22259 · Cited by 28
“The prevalence rate of preterm labor in GDM is 30 – 40 %, and the approach to managing preterm labor is still a matter of ongoing discussion [43].”
Background
Predictive Utility of Biochemical Markers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Inthavong, S., Jatavan, P., & Tongsong, T. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252111666 · Cited by 30
“Placental hormones, including progesterone, estrogen, cortisol, and human placental growth hormone, induce insulin resistance to ensure adequate glucose supply to the fetus [29–32].”
Background
The Placenta as a Target of Epigenetic Alterations in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Potential Implications for the Offspring
Lizárraga, D., & Garcı́a-Gasca, A. (2021) · Epigenomes · doi:10.3390/epigenomes5020013 · Cited by 27
“These processes contribute to the decrease of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy, and they provide nutrients such as FFA and glucose to the fetus.”
BackgroundInfluential
Programación Fetal in utero y su impacto en la salud del adulto
Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2012) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2012.02.002 · Cited by 25
“Moreover, extremely low and high birth weights have been related to higher fat percentages later in life.(40) Adipokine levels in early developmental stages possibly play a significant role in programming the body composition of individuals.”
Background
Knockdown of prolactin receptors in a pancreatic beta cell line: effects on DNA synthesis, apoptosis, and gene expression
Arumugam, R., Fleenor, D., & Freemark, M. (2013) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-013-0073-1 · Cited by 26
“Likewise, beta cell expansion and increases in insulin secretion during mid and late pregnancy, when the mother develops severe insulin resistance, mitigate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus [6, 7].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Genetic and microscopic assessment of the human chemotherapy-exposed placenta reveals possible pathways contributive to fetal growth restriction
Verheecke, M., Calabuig, Á. C., Ferreiro, J. L., Brys, V., van Bree, R., Verbist, G., Everaert, T., Leemans, L., Gzirí, M. M., Boere, I. A., et al. (2018) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2018.03.002 · Cited by 25
Effects of dietary soluble or insoluble fiber intake in late gestation on litter performance, milk composition, immune function, and redox status of sows around parturition
Liu, Y., Chen, N., Li, D., Li, H., Fang, Z., Lin, Y., Xu, S., Feng, B., Zhuo, Y., Wu, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skaa303 · Cited by 25
Host–gut microbiota interactions during pregnancy
Amato, K. R., Pradhan, P. P., Mallott, E. K., Shirola, W., & Lu, A. (2024) · Evolution Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1093/emph/eoae001 · Cited by 28
“…is a rich history of studies examining how gestational hormones orchestrate dynamic physiological changes in metabolism and immunity to benefit maternal and/or fetal interests [3, 4], recent evidence implicates gestational hormones in shaping yet another major system: the maternal gut microbiota.”
BackgroundInfluential
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Unveiling Maternal Health Dynamics from Pregnancy Through Postpartum Perspectives
Mora-Ortiz, M., & Rivas‐García, L. (2024) · Open Research Europe · doi:10.12688/openreseurope.18026.1 · Cited by 28
The association between dietary patterns before and in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): Data from the Malaysian SECOST cohort
Yong, H. Y., Shariff, Z. M., Yusof, B. N. M., Rejali, Z., Appannah, G., BINDELS, J. G., Tee, Y. Y. S., & van der Beek, E. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227246 · Cited by 25
“During the first few weeks of pregnancy, the presence of placenta causes a reduction in growth hormone levels, resulting in enhanced insulin sensitivity [57].”
Background
First and third trimester serum concentrations of adropin and copeptin in gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy
Dabrowski, F. A., Jarmużek, P., Gondek, A., Cudnoch‐Jędrzejewska, A., Bomba-Opon, D. A., & Wielgoś, M. (2016) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gp.2016.0057 · Cited by 23
“pl/ginekologia_polska hormones, decreasing insulin sensitivity occurs in peripheral tissues [4].”
Background
Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation
Xu, S., Shi, J., Dong, Y., Li, Z., Wu, X., Lin, Y., Che, L., Li, J., Feng, B., Fang, Z., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60131-1 · Cited by 23
Low serum placental lactogen at term is associated with postnatal symptoms of depression and anxiety in women delivering female infants
Sumption, L. A., Garay, S. M., & John, R. M. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104655 · Cited by 24
Prolactin in relation to gestational diabetes and metabolic risk in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rassie, K. L., Giri, R., Joham, A. E., Mousa, A., & Teede, H. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1069625 · Cited by 28
“pathophysiology of insulin resistant conditions such as GDM (8, 9).”
Background
Maternal gut microbiota in the postpartum Period: A Systematic review
Weerasuriya, W., Saunders, J. E., Markel, L., Ho, T. T. B., Xu, K., Lemas, D. J., Groer, M. W., & Louis‐Jacques, A. F. (2023) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.042 · Cited by 29
The differences in energy metabolism and redox status between sows with short and long farrowing duration
Liu, Y., Zhou, Q., Theil, P. K., Fang, Z., Lin, Y., Xu, S., Feng, B., Zhuo, Y., Wu, F., Jiang, X., et al. (2021) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2021.100355 · Cited by 22
Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the proliferation and differentiation of placental cells
Jo, Y. S., Ko, H. S., Kim, A. Y., Jo, H. G., Kim, W. J., & Choi, S. K. (2022) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-022-00920-7 · Cited by 22
“They are also used in blood bags, medical devices, adhesives, solvents, and pesticides [19, 20].”
Background
Alterations in the Blood Parameters and Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites during Pregnant and Lactating Stages in Bama Mini Pigs as a Model
Ma, C., Gao, Q., Zhang, W., Azad, M. A. K., & Kong, X. (2020) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2020/8829072 · Cited by 23
“Pregnancy and lactation are extremely complex physiological processes during which a variety of systemic changes occur, including body weight, blood hormones, and fecal metabolites fluctuations, as well as immune conditions [1, 2].”
Background
Pregnancy in Women With Glycogen Storage Disease Ia and Ib
Ferrecchia, I. A., Guenette, G., Potocik, E. A., & Weinstein, D. A. (2014) · The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000017 · Cited by 22
“Glycogen stores have been detected in the liver of a fetus as early as 8 weeks of gestation.(15) Insulin does not cross the placental barrier, and most tissues require insulin to access glucose.”
Background
Secretor Status Is Strongly Associated with Microbial Alterations Observed during Pregnancy
Kumar, H., Wacklin, P., Nakphaichit, M., Löyttyniemi, E., Chowdhury, S. P., Shouche, Y. S., Mättö, J., Isolauri, E., & Salminen, S. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134623 · Cited by 22
Fetal loss and long-term maternal morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Vlachou, F., Iakovou, D., Daru, J., Khan, R. A., Pepas, L. P., Quenby, S. M., & Iliodromiti, S. (2024) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004342 · Cited by 24
Lactogenic hormones in relation to maternal metabolic health in pregnancy and postpartum: protocol for a systematic review
Rassie, K. L., Giri, R., Melder, A., Joham, A. E., Mousa, A., & Teede, H. J. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055257 · Cited by 23
Birth, love, and fear: Physiological networks from pregnancy to parenthood
Grant, A. D., & Erickson, E. N. (2022) · Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.cpnec.2022.100138 · Cited by 30
“Later in pregnancy, the metabolic needs of the fetus are met as HCS prompts adaptation of the typical maternal response to insulin, causing relative insulin insensitivity leading to less maternal cellular uptake of nutrients and more nutrient availability for rapid fetal growth in the third trimester [106].”
Background
Biochemical discrepancies in the evaluation of the somatotroph axis: Elevated GH or IGF-1 levels do not always diagnose acromegaly
Peixe, C. R., Sanchez-García, M. L., Grossman, A. B., Korbonits, M., & Marques, P. (2022) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101467 · Cited by 21

Authors: Newbern, D., & Freemark, M.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Corresponding author: Newbern, Dorothee
ORCID: Newbern, Dorothee
Freemark, Michael
Venue: Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Pages: 409-416
ISSN: 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32834c800d
OpenAlex: W2160934677
Cited by: 487
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 2.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Endocrine Fellows Foundation
National Institutes of Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Keywords: placental hormones, maternal metabolism, fetal growth, placental growth hormone, human placental lactogen, prolactin, leptin resistance, maternal insulin resistance, gestational diabetes mellitus, beta-cell expansion, glucose signaling, pregnancy complications, pituitary hormones
MeSH terms: Female, Fetus, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Insulin, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pituitary Gland, Placenta, Placental Hormones, Pregnancy, Leptin, Fetal Development, Adipokines

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Placental hormones and the control of maternal metabolism and fetal growth

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks