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Cited by 143HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV-related health complications and treatmentsMental Health Treatment and Access

Prevalence and Comorbidity of Psychiatric Diagnoses Based on Reference Standard in an HIV+ Patient Population

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Gaynes, Bradley N., Pence, Brian Wells, Eron, Joseph J., Miller, William C.·2008·Psychosomatic Medicine
DOI 10.1097/psy.0b013e31816aa0ccPMC PMC2900836
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity based on reference standard diagnostic criteria in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Psychiatric illness is common in patients with HIV and has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. Among those persons with psychiatric illness, psychiatric comorbidity (multiple simultaneous diagnoses) is associated with increased psychiatric severity and higher HIV risk behaviors. METHODS: A total of 152 consecutively presenting HIV+ patients at an academic medical center in the southeastern US completed a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) Edition) that assessed mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders in the past year and past month. RESULTS: Fifty percent and 33% of patients had a past-year and past-month diagnosis, respectively. The most common diagnoses were mood disorders (32% past year/21% past month) followed by anxiety (21%/17%) and substance use disorders (22%/11%). Half of those with past-year disorders and 40% of those with past-month disorders met the criteria for multiple diagnoses. Of those with a mood disorder in the past month, 53% also had an anxiety or substance use disorder; of those with an anxiety disorder, 62% also had a mood or substance use disorder; and of those with a substance use disorder, 63% also had a mood or anxiety disorder. Psychiatric comorbidity was associated with younger age, White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, and greater HIV symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders was the exception rather than the rule in this sample. Potential co-occurring disorders should be considered for HIV+ patients presenting with a psychiatric diagnosis.

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  • Up to 63% of people with HIV meet criteria for a co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorder, with depression and anxiety being the most common psychiatric co-morbidities.

    “Indeed, up to 63% of PWH meet criteria for a co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorder [22, 23], with depression and anxiety being the most common psychiatric co-morbidities [23, 24].”

    From A Randomized Feasibility/Acceptability Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for People with HIV Who Drink at Unhealthy Levels. (2026) · cites this paper as [24]

    The Discussion reports that 63% (10/16) of patients with a substance use disorder had an additional psychiatric diagnosis—not 63% of all people with HIV. The Results table reports substance use plus mood or anxiety disorders in 7% of the full sample in the past month and 14% in the past year. Mood and anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, supporting that part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.92)

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [26]First MH, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams J. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders—Research Version, Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1990. [Google Scholar]
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  4. [44]American Psychological Association. The Report of the Rural Women's Work Group of the Rural Task Force of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Association's Committee on Rural Health 2001. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control; 2006. The Behavioral Health Care Needs of Rural Women. [Google Scholar]
  5. [46]Institute of Medicine. No Time to Lose: The AIDS Crisis Is Not Over: Getting More from HIV Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001. [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Gaynes, B. N., Pence, B. W., Eron, J. J., & Miller, W. C.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Gaynes, Bradley N.
ORCID
Venue
Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2008-05
Volume
70
Issue
4
Pages
505-511
ISSN
0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/psy.0b013e31816aa0cc
PMC
PMC2900836
OpenAlex
W2053387848
Cited by
143
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI
4.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH01951-03, K23MH001951)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P30AI050410)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR-000046, M01RR000046)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
HIV, psychiatric comorbidity, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, prevalence, psychiatric diagnosis, race and ethnicity, age
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Southeastern United States, Comorbidity, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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