Narrowing the gap in life expectancy between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals with access to care.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: It is unknown if a survival gap remains between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals with access to care. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study within Kaiser Permanente California during 1996-2011, using abridged life tables to estimate the expected years of life remaining ("life expectancy") at age 20. RESULTS: Among 24,768 HIV-infected and 257,600 HIV-uninfected individuals, there were 2229 and 4970 deaths, with mortality rates of 1827 and 326 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. In 1996-1997, life expectancies at age 20 for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals were 19.1 and 63.4 years, respectively, corresponding with a gap of 44.3 years (95% confidence interval: 38.4 to 50.2). Life expectancy at age 20 for HIV-infected individuals increased to 47.1 years in 2008 and 53.1 years by 2011, narrowing the gap to 11.8 years (8.9-14.8 years) in 2011. In 2008-2011, life expectancies at age 20 for HIV-infected individuals ranged from a low of 45.8 years for blacks and 46.0 years for those with a history of injection drug use to a high of 52.2 years for Hispanics. HIV-infected individuals who initiated antiretroviral therapy with CD4 ≥500 cells per microliter had a life expectancy at age 20 of 54.5 years in 2008-2011, narrowing the gap relative to HIV-uninfected individuals to 7.9 years (5.1-10.6 years). For these HIV-infected individuals, the gap narrowed further in subgroups with no history of hepatitis B or C infection, smoking, drug/alcohol abuse, or any of these risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Even with early treatment and access to care, an 8-year gap in life expectancy remains for HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected individuals.
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Effective ART that suppresses HIV replication to undetectable levels reduces morbidity, provides a near-normal lifespan, and prevents sexual transmission of HIV to others.
“Effective ART that suppresses HIV replication to undetectable levels reduces morbidity, provides a near-normal lifespan, and prevents sexual transmission of HIV to others (95–97,410–412).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [411]
The Discussion reports that ART substantially increased life expectancy and that earlier initiation narrowed the survival gap; it also cites lower rates of serious events with immediate ART in the START trial. But it reports a persistent gap of nearly eight years even with early ART initiation. Our copy does not establish that suppression to undetectable levels prevents sexual transmission, so the full claim is not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Marcus, J. L., Chao, C. R., Leyden, W. A., Xu, L., Quesenberry, C. P., Klein, D. B., Towner, W. J., Horberg, M. A., & Silverberg, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Kaiser Permanente San Leandro Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marcus, Julia L.
- Leyden, Wendy A.
- Quesenberry, Charles P.
- Silverberg, Michael J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
- Published
- 2016-09-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-46
- ISSN
- 1525-4135 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5427712
- OpenAlex
- W2322243210
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 36.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K01AI122853)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- HIV, life expectancy, life expectancy gap, health care access, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, mortality, racial and ethnic disparities, intravenous drug use, HBV/HCV coinfection, smoking, substance abuse, Kaiser Permanente
- MeSH terms
- Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, HIV Infections, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
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