Caregiver Burden and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS)
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the quantity of informal care associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with cognitive impairment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: The Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study. PARTICIPANTS: A sample (n=450) of adults aged 71 years and older with cognitive impairment drawn form the Health and Retirement Study. MEASUREMENTS: The presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, agitation, depression, apathy, elation, anxiety, disinhibition, irritation, and aberrant motor behaviors) was identified using the neuropsychiatric inventory. Cognitive category [normal, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), or dementia] was assigned by a consensus panel. The hours per week of active help and supervision were ascertained by informant questionnaire. RESULTS: Among older adults with CIND or dementia, those with no neuropsychiatric symptoms received an average of 10.2 hours of active help and 10.9 hours of supervision per week from informal caregivers. Those with 1 or 2 neuropsychiatric symptoms received an additional 10.0 hours of active help and 12.4 hours of supervision per week, while those with 3 or more symptoms received an additional 18.2 hours of active help and 28.7 hours of supervision per week (P<0.001). The presence of irritation (14.7 additional hours) was associated with the greatest number of additional hours of active help. The presence of aberrant motor behaviors (17.7 additional hours) and disinhibition (17.5 additional hours) were associated with the greatest number of additional hours of supervision. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychiatric symptoms among those with CIND or dementia are associated with a significant increase in the provision of informal care. This care represents a significant time commitment for families and a significant economic cost to society.
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ICT can be used for the assessment of agitation.
“ICT can be used for the assessment of agitation, one of the most challenging symptoms to manage for caregivers (286, 287).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [286]
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“Agitation represents one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia, and one of the most challenging symptoms to manage for primary caregivers (Okura and Langa, 2011).”
BackgroundArzneimitteltherapiesicherheit bei Heimbewohnern
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- Authors
- Okura, T., & Langa, K. M.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Okura, Toru
- ORCID
- Langa, Kenneth M.
- Venue
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 116-121
- ISSN
- 0893-0341 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3100441
- OpenAlex
- W1974470769
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (U01 AG 09740, R01AG030155, U01AG009740, R01AG027010)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- caregiver burden, neuropsychiatric symptoms, informal care, older adults, cognitive impairment, dementia, cognitive impairment without dementia, agitation, aberrant motor behavior, disinhibition, supervision, family caregivers
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Caregivers, Cost of Illness
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