Cited by 87Sport Psychology and PerformanceMotor Control and AdaptationNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

An fMRI study of differences in brain activity among elite, expert, and novice archers at the moment of optimal aiming

Kim, Woojong, Chang, Yongmin, Kim, Jingu, Seo, Jeehye, Ryu, Kwangmin, Lee, Eunkyung, Woo, Minjung, Janelle, Christopher M.·2014·Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We investigated brain activity in elite, expert, and novice archers during a simulated archery aiming task to determine whether neural correlates of performance differ by skill level. BACKGROUND: Success in shooting sports depends on complex mental routines just before the shot, when the brain prepares to execute the movement. METHODS: During functional magnetic resonance imaging, 40 elite, expert, or novice archers aimed at a simulated 70-meter-distant target and pushed a button when they mentally released the bowstring. RESULTS: At the moment of optimal aiming, the elite and expert archers relied primarily on a dorsal pathway, with greatest activity in the occipital lobe, temporoparietal lobe, and dorsolateral pre-motor cortex. The elites showed activity in the supplementary motor area, temporoparietal area, and cerebellar dentate, while the experts showed activity only in the superior frontal area. The novices showed concurrent activity in not only the dorsolateral pre-motor cortex but also the ventral pathways linked to the ventrolateral pre-motor cortex. The novices exhibited broad activity in the superior frontal area, inferior frontal area, ventral prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, superior parietal lobule, and primary somatosensory cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The more localized neural activity of elite and expert archers than novices permits greater efficiency in the complex processes subserved by these regions. The elite group's high activity in the cerebellar dentate indicates that the cerebellum is involved in automating simultaneous movements by integrating the sensorimotor memory enabled by greater expertise in self-paced aiming tasks. A companion article comments on and generalizes our findings.

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Crossref · 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000042

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Authors
Kim, W., Chang, Y., Kim, J., Seo, J., Ryu, K., Lee, E., Woo, M., & Janelle, C. M.
Affiliations
  • Kyungpook National University (KR)
  • University of Ulsan (KR)
  • University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author
  • Kim, Woojong
  • Kim, Jingu
  • Ryu, Kwangmin
Venue
Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology
Published
2014-12
Volume
27
Issue
4
Pages
173-182
ISSN
1543-3633 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1977005825
Cited by
87
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2
FWCI
6.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
archery, skill level differences, motor preparation, supplementary motor area, cerebellar dentate nucleus, sensorimotor memory, motor automation, shooting sports
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Movement, Occipital Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Psychomotor Performance, Sports, Athletes, Republic of Korea

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