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The York Gospels: a 1000-year biological palimpsest

Teasdale, Matthew D., Fiddyment, Sarah, Vnouček, Jiří, Mattiangeli, Valeria, Speller, Camilla, Binois, Annelise, Carver, Martin, Dand, Catherine, Newfield, Timothy P., Webb, Christopher C., Bradley, Daniel G., Collins, Matthew J.·2017·Royal Society Open Science
DOI 10.1098/rsos.170988PMC PMC5666278

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Abstract

Medieval manuscripts, carefully curated and conserved, represent not only an irreplaceable documentary record but also a remarkable reservoir of biological information. Palaeographic and codicological investigation can often locate and date these documents with remarkable precision. The York Gospels (York Minster Ms. Add. 1) is one such codex, one of only a small collection of pre-conquest Gospel books to have survived the Reformation. By extending the non-invasive triboelectric (eraser-based) sampling technique eZooMS, to include the analysis of DNA, we report a cost-effective and simple-to-use biomolecular sampling technique for parchment. We apply this combined methodology to document for the first time a rich palimpsest of biological information contained within the York Gospels, which has accumulated over the 1000-year lifespan of this cherished object that remains an active participant in the life of York Minster. These biological data provide insights into the decisions made in the selection of materials, the construction of the codex and the use history of the object.

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  • Through analysis of parchment, ZooMS is revealing temporal and geographic differences in use of animals in medieval economies.

    “Through the analysis of another substrate, ZooMS is also revealing temporal and geographic differences in the use of animals in medieval economies (52–54).”

    From Ancient protein analysis in archaeology (2021) · cites this paper as [54]

    The Results (Species identification; page unavailable) show a temporal difference: the original York Gospels are predominantly calfskin, while fourteenth-century additions are sheepskin. The Discussion (Population genetic analysis; page unavailable) describes geolocating parchment as a future possibility based on genetic analysis, not a geographic difference already revealed by ZooMS. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • ZooMS is typically applied to fragmented or morphologically nondiagnostic bone fragments and has also been applied to parchments, ivory, eggshell, combs, and leather objects.

    “For archeological questions, this analysis not only is typically applied to fragmented or morphologically nondiagnostic bone fragments but also has been applied to a range of other archeological material culture, including parchments (52–54), ivory (55), eggshell (19, 22), combs (56), and leather objects (57).”

    From Ancient protein analysis in archaeology (2021) · cites this paper as [54]

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Metadata

Authors
Teasdale, M. D., Fiddyment, S., Vnouček, J., Mattiangeli, V., Speller, C., Binois, A., Carver, M., Dand, C., Newfield, T. P., Webb, C. C., Bradley, D. G., & Collins, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
  • BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 3 rue Michelet, 75006 Paris, France
  • Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
  • Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
  • Departments of History and Biology, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, ICC 600, Washington, DC 20057, USA
ORCID
Teasdale, Matthew D.
Venue
Royal Society Open Science
Publisher
The Royal Society
Published
2017-10
Volume
4
Issue
10
Pages
170988
ISSN
2054-5703
DOI
10.1098/rsos.170988
PMC
PMC5666278
Cited by
75
References
3
Language
en
Licence
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Funders
  • British Academy
  • H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF 299101)
  • H2020 European Research Council (295729-CodeX)

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