Cited by 360Morphological variations and asymmetryEvolution and Paleontology StudiesEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 133 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 7 are not checked yet.

The macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic integration: from development to deep time

Open access

Goswami, A., Smaers, J. B., Soligo, C., Polly, P. D.·2014·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

DOI 10.1098/rstb.2013.0254PMC PMC4084539

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Phenotypic integration is a pervasive characteristic of organisms. Numerous analyses have demonstrated that patterns of phenotypic integration are conserved across large clades, but that significant variation also exists. For example, heterochronic shifts related to different mammalian reproductive strategies are reflected in postcranial skeletal integration and in coordination of bone ossification. Phenotypic integration and modularity have been hypothesized to shape morphological evolution, and we extended simulations to confirm that trait integration can influence both the trajectory and magnitude of response to selection. We further demonstrate that phenotypic integration can produce both more and less disparate organisms than would be expected under random walk models by repartitioning variance in preferred directions. This effect can also be expected to favour homoplasy and convergent evolution. New empirical analyses of the carnivoran cranium show that rates of evolution, in contrast, are not strongly influenced by phenotypic integration and show little relationship to morphological disparity, suggesting that phenotypic integration may shape the direction of evolutionary change, but not necessarily the speed of it. Nonetheless, phenotypic integration is problematic for morphological clocks and should be incorporated more widely into models that seek to accurately reconstruct both trait and organismal evolution.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1098/rstb.2013.0254

Cites

133 of 140 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Untitled work
(1977) · Cited by 4,052
Ontogeny and Phylogeny.
Løvtrup, S., & Gould, S. J. (1978) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2412825 · Cited by 2,359
PERSPECTIVE: COMPLEX ADAPTATIONS AND THE EVOLUTION OF EVOLVABILITY
Wagner, G. P., & Altenberg, L. (1996) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb02339.x · Cited by 2,118
The delayed rise of present-day mammals
Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Cardillo, M., Jones, K. E., MacPhee, R. D. E., Beck, R. M. D., Grenyer, R., Price, S. A., Vos, R. A., Gittleman, J. L., & Purvis, A. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05634 · Cited by 2,082
Phylogenies and the Comparative Method: A General Approach to Incorporating Phylogenetic Information into the Analysis of Interspecific Data
Martins, E. P., & Hansen, T. F. (1997) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/286013 · Cited by 1,718
The Development of the Vertebrate Skull
(1938) · Nature · doi:10.1038/142004a0 · Cited by 1,425
The Shape of Life
Raff, R. A. (1996) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226256573.001.0001 · Cited by 1,262
The shape of life: genes, development, and the evolution of animal form
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-1536 · Cited by 1,003
Perspective: Complex Adaptations and the Evolution of Evolvability
Wagner, G. P., & Altenberg, L. (1996) · Evolution · doi:10.2307/2410639 · Cited by 884
PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE CRANIUM
Cheverud, J. M. (1982) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05070.x · Cited by 859

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 133 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

Schlosser G, 2004, Modularity in development and evolution
Atchley WR, 1993, The skull. 1 Development, 207
Cheverud JM, 2004, Modularity in development and evolution, 132
Goswami A, 2010, Quantitative methods in paleobiology, 213
10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31 <117::AID-AJPA5>3.3.CO;2-9 · DOI
Klingenberg CP, 2008, MorphoJ
Schlosser G, 2005, Modularity in development and evolution, 519
Shubin N, 2004, Modularity in development and evolution, 429
Zelditch ML, 2001, Beyond heterochrony: the evolution of development, 145
Polly PD, 2012, Phylogenetics for mathematica, 2.1 edn
Polly PD, 2004, On the simulation of the evolution of morphological shape: multivariate shape under selection and drift, Palaeontol. Electron., 7, 1

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 360

Ecomorphological diversification of some barbs and carps (Cyprininae, Cyprinidae) in the Lower Mekong Basin of Thailand
Kenthao, A., & Jearranaiprepame, P. (2020) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2020.125830 · Cited by 10
Alligator appendicular architecture across an ontogenetic niche shift
Hedrick, B. P., Schachner, E. R., & Dodson, P. (2021) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.24717 · Cited by 10
Beyond Suction-Feeding Fishes: Identifying New Approaches to Performance Integration During Prey Capture in Aquatic Vertebrates
Kane, E. A., Cohen, H. E., Hicks, W. R., Mahoney, E. R., & Marshall, C. D. (2019) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icz094 · Cited by 10
Developmental plasticity associated with early structural integration and evolutionary patterns: Examples of developmental bias and developmental facilitation in the skeletal system
Kavanagh, K. D. (2019) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12323 · Cited by 10
Polyploidy and the evolution of phenotypic integration: Network analysis reveals relationships among anatomy, morphology, and physiology
Baker, R. L., Brock, G. L., Newsome, E. L., & Zhao, M. (2024) · Applications in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1002/aps3.11605 · Cited by 9
Assessing the application of landmark-free morphometrics to macroevolutionary analyses
Mulqueeney, J. M., Ezard, T. H. G., & Goswami, A. (2025) · BMC Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12862-025-02377-9 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Comparative morpho‐functional analysis of the humerus and ulna in three Western European moles species of the genus Talpa, including the newly described T. aquitania
Costes, P., Klein, E., Delapré, A., Houssin, C., Nicolas, V., & Cornette, R. (2022) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13772 · Cited by 9
Detecting natural selection in trait-trait coevolution
Jiang, D., & Zhang, J. (2023) · BMC Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12862-023-02164-4 · Cited by 9
The impact of the land-to-sea transition on evolutionary integration and modularity of the pinniped backbone
Esteban, J. M., Martín‐Serra, A., Pérez‐Ramos, A., Mulot, B., Jones, K. E., & Figueirido, B. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05512-8 · Cited by 9
Integration between swim speed and mouth size evolves repeatedly in Trinidadian guppies and aligns with suction-feeding fishes
Kane, E. A., Roeder, M. M., DeRue, M. L., & Ghalambor, C. K. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.190165 · Cited by 9
Are our phylomorphospace plots so terribly tangled? An investigation of disorder in data simulated under adaptive and nonadaptive models
Stayton, C. T. (2020) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zoaa045 · Cited by 9
Examination of magnitudes of integration in the catarrhine vertebral column
Jung, H., Simons, E. A., & von Cramon‐Taubadel, N. (2021) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102998 · Cited by 9
New Avenues for Old Travellers: Phenotypic Evolutionary Trends Meet Morphodynamics, and Both Enter the Global Change Biology Era
Tamagnini, D., Canestrelli, D., Meloro, C., Raia, P., & Maiorano, L. (2021) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-021-09545-x · Cited by 8
Quantifying the complexity of plant reproductive structures reveals a history of morphological and functional integration
Leslie, A. B., & Mander, L. (2023) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.1810 · Cited by 8
Copulatory function and development shape modular architecture of genitalia differently in males and females
Genevcius, B. C., Simon, M. N., Moraes, T., & SCHWERTNER, C. F. (2020) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/evo.13977 · Cited by 8
Shape Variation in the Dermatocranium of the Greater Short-Horned Lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi (Reptilia: Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)
Powell, G. L., Russell, A. P., Jamniczky, H. A., & Hallgrímsson, B. (2016) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-016-9403-6 · Cited by 8
Examination of Sample Size Determination in Integration Studies Based on the Integration Coefficient of Variation (ICV)
Jung, H., Conaway, M. A., & von Cramon‐Taubadel, N. (2020) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-020-09514-w · Cited by 8
The functional diversity of marsupial limbs is influenced by both ecology and developmental constraint
Pevsner, S. K., Grossnickle, D. M., & Luo, Z. (2021) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab168 · Cited by 8
The Vitruvian spider: Segmenting and integrating over different body parts to describe ecophenotypic variation
Bellvert, A., Roca‐Cusachs, M., Tonzo, V., Arnedo, M. A., & Kaliontzopoulou, A. (2022) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.21516 · Cited by 7
Did some extinct South American native ungulates arise from an afrothere ancestor? A critical appraisal of Avilla and Mothé’s (2021) Sudamericungulata – Panameridiungulata hypothesis
Kramarz, A., & MacPhee, R. D. E. (2022) · Journal of Mammalian Evolution · doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09633-5 · Cited by 7
New insights into patterns of integration in the femur and pelvis among catarrhines
Cosnefroy, Q., Bérillon, G., Gilissen, E., Brige, P., Chaumoître, K., Lamberton, F., & Marchal, F. (2024) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24931 · Cited by 7
The contribution of functional traits to the understanding of palaeoenvironmental changes
Terray, L., Stoetzel, E., Herrel, A., & Cornette, R. (2021) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blab057 · Cited by 7
From color to shape: ontogenetic shifts in traits of the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei (Brachyura: Trichodactylidae)
da Silva, A. R., & Nogueira, C. S. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/cjz-2023-0039 · Cited by 7
Ontogenetic changes in magnitudes of integration in the macaque skull
Jung, H., Simons, E. A., & von Cramon‐Taubadel, N. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24119 · Cited by 7
Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)
Spear, J. K., & Williams, S. A. (2020) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa154 · Cited by 8
The influence of divergent reproductive strategies in shaping modularity and morphological evolution in mammalian jaws
Conith, A. J., Meagher, M. A., & Dumont, E. R. (2021) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/jeb.13944 · Cited by 7
Prenatal allometric trajectories and the developmental basis of postcranial phenotypic diversity in bats (Chiroptera)
López‐Aguirre, C., Hand, S. J., Koyabu, D. B., Sơn, N. T., & Wilson, L. A. B. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.22846 · Cited by 7
Influence of different modes of morphological character correlation on phylogenetic tree inferencePreprint
Guillerme, T., & Brazeau, M. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/308742 · Cited by 7
Cranial modularity drives phenotypic diversification and adaptive radiation of Antarctic icefishes
Neves, M. P., Chan, H., Santos, E. C. M., & Evans, K. M. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2503283122 · Cited by 6
Morphological modularity in the anthropoid axial skeleton
Jung, H., & von Cramon‐Taubadel, N. (2022) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103256 · Cited by 6
Diversification of the shell shape and size in Baikal Candonidae ostracods inferred from molecular phylogeny
Karanovic, I., Pham, H. T. M., & Sitnikova, T. Y. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30003-5 · Cited by 6
Mosaic evolution underlies feliform morphological disparity
Barrett, P. Z., & Hopkins, S. S. B. (2024) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.0756 · Cited by 6
Evolvability and Macroevolution
Jablonski, D. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14126.003.0019 · Cited by 6
Many-to-many mapping: A simulation study of how the number of traits and tasks affect the evolution of form and function
Bergmann, P. J., & Tonelli-Sippel, I. (2024) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111744 · Cited by 6
Patterns of univariate and multivariate plasticity to elevated carbon dioxide in six European populations ofArabidopsis thaliana
Jonas, M., & Cioce, B. (2019) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.5173 · Cited by 6
The role of developmental rate, body size, and positional behavior in the evolution of covariation and evolvability in the cranium of strepsirrhines and catarrhines
Villamil, C. I. (2021) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102941 · Cited by 6
Coevolution of brain and palate during the diversification of specialized frugivorous bats
Rojas, D., Borrero-Ospina, M. A., & Murillo‐García, O. E. (2022) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blac042 · Cited by 6
Evaluating modularity in the hominine skull related to feeding biomechanics
Jung, H., Strait, D. S., Rolian, C., & Baab, K. L. (2023) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24875 · Cited by 5
Dietary specialization drives adaptation, convergence, and integration across the cranial and appendicular skeleton in Waterfowl (Anseriformes)
Chatterji, R. M., Heath, T. A., James, H. F., Hofman, C. A., Sorenson, M. D., & Buckner, J. C. (2026) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syag020 · Cited by 5
SKULL MORPHOLOGY IN HERBIVOROUS MAMMALS: MACROPODIDS (METATHERIA,DIPROTODONTIA, MACROPODIDAE) AND CAVIIDS (EUTHERIA, RODENTIA,HYSTRICOMORPHA) AS A COMPARATIVE STUDY CASE
Álvarez, A., & Flores, D. A. (2019) · Mastozoología neotropical · doi:10.31687/saremmn.19.26.2.0.02 · Cited by 5
Morphological integration in the hominid midfoot
Komza, K., Viola, B., Netten, T., & Schroeder, L. (2022) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103231 · Cited by 5
Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout
Vignon, M., Zhou, M., McIntosh, A. R., Correa, C., Westley, P. A. H., Jacquin, L., Labonne, J., & Hendry, A. P. (2023) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-023-03003-9 · Cited by 5
Intraspecific variation in fossil vertebrate populations: Fossil killifishes (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes) from the Oligocene of Central Europe
Frey, L., Maxwell, E. E., & Sánchez-Villagra, M. R. (2016) · Palaeontologia Electronica · doi:10.26879/628 · Cited by 5
3DKMI : A MATLAB package to generate shape signatures from Krawtchouk moments and an application to species delimitation in planktonic foraminifera
Lin, H., Zhang, W., Mulqueeney, J. M., Brombacher, A., Searle‐Barnes, A., Nixon, M. S., Cai, X., & Ezard, T. H. G. (2024) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.14388 · Cited by 5
Morphological variation and covariation in mandibular molars of platyrrhine primates
Delgado, M. N., Pérez‐Pérez, A., & Galbany, J. (2018) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.20907 · Cited by 5
Dependent variable selection in phylogenetic generalized least squares regression analysis under Pagel's lambda modelPreprint
Chen, Z., Guo, H.-J., & Niu, D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.21.541623 · Cited by 5
Integration, Modularity, and Homoplasy in the Forelimbs of Apes
Spear, J. K. (2025) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-025-09648-9 · Cited by 4
Great expectations: altricial developmental strategies are associated with more flexible evolution of limb skeleton proportions in birds
Orkney, A., Rothier, P. S., & Hedrick, B. P. (2025) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.1647 · Cited by 8
Evolution of the batoidea pectoral fin skeleton: convergence, modularity, and integration driving disparity trends
López‐Romero, F. A., Villalobos‐Segura, E., Türtscher, J., Berio, F., Stumpf, S., Dearden, R. P., Kriwet, J., & Maldonado, E. (2025) · Evolutionary Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10682-025-10330-x · Cited by 4
Not all is male biased: sexual dimorphism in carapace size and shape of the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus (Decapoda: Majoidea: Epialtdae)
Barría, E. M., & Antecao, H. F. (2025) · Journal of Natural History · doi:10.1080/00222933.2025.2494844 · Cited by 4
Tempo and mode of evolution across multiple traits in an adaptive radiation of birds (Vangidae)
Auerbach, A. L., Lim, E., & Reddy, S. (2025) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf117 · Cited by 5
Evolutionary Links Between Skull Shape and Body Size Suggest Allometric Forces and Selection at Work in a Generalist Group of Lizards
Rivera, J. A., Fuentes-González, J. A., & Martins, E. P. (2024) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.70594 · Cited by 4
Craniofacial modularity and the evolution of cranial kinesis in the adaptive radiation of Furnariidae (Aves: Passeriformes)
Stefanini, M. I., Carmona, P. S. M., Gómez‐Bahamón, V., Koch, N. M., Soto, I. M., Gómez, R. O., Zyskowski, K., & Tambussi, C. P. (2025) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf013 · Cited by 4
Comparative Analyses of Phenotypic Sequences Using Phylogenetic Trees
Caetano, D. S., & Beaulieu, J. M. (2019) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/706912 · Cited by 4
Fluctuating Asymmetry and Morphogenetic Correlations of the Masticatory Surface Patterns of m1 in Gray Voles (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)
Kovaleva, V. Y., Pozdnyakov, А. А., Litvinov, Y. N., & Efimov, V. M. (2021) · Biology Bulletin · doi:10.1134/s1062359021090119 · Cited by 4
Evolutionary selection and morphological integration in the foot of modern humans
Arlegi, M., Pablos, A., & Lorenzo, C. (2023) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24703 · Cited by 4
Genome Wide Association Studies of Early Fitness Traits in Drosophila melanogaster Unveil Plasticity and Decoupling of Different Aspects of Phenotype
Zappala, M. A. P., Mensch, J., Carreira, V. P., Soto, I. M., & Fanara, J. J. (2023) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-023-09619-y · Cited by 4
Conserved patterns and locomotor-related evolutionary constraints in the hominoid vertebral column
Villamil, C. I., & Middleton, E. R. (2024) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103528 · Cited by 4
Developmental plasticity in deep time: a window to population ecological inference
Brombacher, A., Schmidt, D. N., & Ezard, T. H. G. (2022) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/pab.2022.26 · Cited by 4
Ontogenetic shape changes in the pelvis of the Greater Rhea (Aves, Palaeognathae) and their relationships with cursorial locomotion: a geometric morphometric approach
Picasso, M. B. J., Monti, A., Mosto, M. C., & Morgan, C. C. (2020) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13158 · Cited by 4
Functional Divergence of Scorpion Pedipalps: Musculoskeletal Specialization Toward Opposing Performance Optima
Simone, Y., Herrel, A., Boistel, R., & van der Meijden, A. (2025) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.70055 · Cited by 3
Evolutionary Rate Incongruences in Squamates Reveal Contrasting Patterns of Evolutionary Novelties and Innovation
Simões, T. R., Brum, A. S., & Pierce, S. E. (2025) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaf067 · Cited by 3
Early Ontogenetic Allometry and Shifting Modularity in Skull Development of the Red Sea Anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus
Arnold, K. M., Neves, M. P., Chan, H., Majoris, J. E., & Evans, K. M. (2025) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.70024 · Cited by 3
Extreme range in adult body size reveals hidden trade-offs among sexually selected traits
Somjee, U., Marting, P. R., Anzaldo, S. S., Simmons, L. W., & Painting, C. J. (2024) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpae084 · Cited by 3
The modular organization of the trilobite head in Ceraurus pleurexanthemus
Vargas-Parra, E. E., & Hopkins, M. J. (2025) · Palaeontology · doi:10.1111/pala.70013 · Cited by 3
Multimethod Approach to the Early Postnatal Growth of the Mandible in Mice from a Zone of Robertsonian Polymorphism
Martínez‐Vargas, J., Muñoz‐Muñoz, F., López‐Fuster, M. J., Cubo, J., & Ventura, J. (2018) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23835 · Cited by 2
Morphological integration and evolution of the skull roof in temnospondyl amphibians
Pérez-Ben, C. M., & Gómez, R. O. (2018) · Journal of Iberian Geology · doi:10.1007/s41513-018-0088-9 · Cited by 3
Developmental instability in domesticated mammals
Wilson, L. A. B. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.23108 · Cited by 3
Exploring the Influence of Neomorphic Gekkotan Paraphalanges on Limb Modularity and Integration
Fratani, J., Fontanarrosa, G., Duport‐Bru, A. S., & Russell, A. P. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.23275 · Cited by 3
Incorporating Continuous Characters in Joint Estimation of Dicynodont Phylogeny
Wynd, B. M., Khakurel, B., Kammerer, C. F., Wagner, P. J., & Wright, A. M. (2025) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaf078 · Cited by 3
Quantifying evolutionary development using non‐model organisms: Integrating morphology, metrical frameworks, and gene expression
Wilson, L. A. B., & Werneburg, I. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.22603 · Cited by 3
Mosaic evolution, preadaptation, and the evolution of evolvability in apesPreprint
Parins‐Fukuchi, C. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/622134 · Cited by 3
Handling Character Dependency in Phylogenetic Inference: Extensive Performance Testing of Assumptions and Solutions Using Simulated DataPreprint
Simões, T. R., Vernygora, O. V., de Medeiros, B. A. S., & Wright, A. M. (2022) · doi:10.32942/osf.io/r23j8 · Cited by 3
Climate influences bill shape diversification in cavity-excavating birdsPreprint
Chhaya, V., Reddy, S., & Krishnan, A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508664 · Cited by 3
Weak integration allows novel fin shapes and spurs locomotor diversity in reef fishes
Satterfield, D. R., Yin, B., Jung, S., Hodges-Lisk, S., Wainwright, D. K., Burns, M. D., & Wainwright, P. C. (2024) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpae165 · Cited by 2
Humerus shape evolved in cetaceans under relaxed selection and random drift
Ghazali, M., Davydenko, S., Telizhenko, V., Otriazhyi, P., Vishnyakova, K., Bukhsianidze, M., Solís-Añorve, A., Dzeverin, I., & Gol’din, P. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07952-w · Cited by 3
Landmark-free morphometrics reveals sexual dimorphism in shape and integration of tagmata in the forensically important blowfly Calliphora vicina
Roberts, L. E., Mulqueeney, J. M., He, Y., Randau, M., Whitmore, D., & Goswami, A. (2025) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf104 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Habitat and complex life cycles promote morphological diversity in salamander limb bones
Huie, J. M., Pyron, R. A., & Kawano, S. (2026) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.70115 · Cited by 2
The Independent Evolution Method Is Not a Viable Phylogenetic Comparative Method
Griffin, R. H., & Yapuncich, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144147 · Cited by 2
Investigating the reliability of metapodials as taxonomic Indicators for Beringian horses
Landry, Z., Roloson, M. J., & Fraser, D. (2022) · Journal of Mammalian Evolution · doi:10.1007/s10914-022-09626-4 · Cited by 2
From slenderness to robustness: Understanding long bone shape in sigmodontine rodents
Tulli, M. J., & Carrizo, L. V. (2024) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.25521 · Cited by 2
Evolutionary selection and morphological integration in the hand of modern humans
Arlegi, M., & Lorenzo, C. (2024) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.25024 · Cited by 2
Alternative Mutational Architectures Producing Identical M-Matrices can Lead to Different Patterns of Evolutionary Divergence
Jiang, D., & Pennell, M. (2025) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evaf099 · Cited by 2
Reduced limb integration characterizes primate clades with diverse locomotor adaptations
Spear, J. K. (2024) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103567 · Cited by 2
Exceptional diversification of floral form in a specialized orchid pollination systemPreprint
Liu, J. W., Bogarín, D., Pérez-Escobar, O. A., Pupulin, F., Karremans, A. P., Serracín, Z., Xie, Y. L., Restrepo, E., & Ramírez, S. R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.25.666443 · Cited by 2
High-Density Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Intraspecific Cranial Integration in the Barred Grass Snake ( Natrix helvetica ) and Green Anole ( Anolis carolinensis )
Tharakan, S., Shepherd, N., Gower, D. J., Stanley, E. L., Felice, R. N., Goswami, A., & Watanabe, A. (2023) · Integrative Organismal Biology · doi:10.1093/iob/obad022 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Craniofacial morphology of TcMAC21 and TcHSA21rat models of Down syndrome: An interspecific comparison
Singh, N., Reeves, R. H., & Richtsmeier, J. T. (2025) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.70066 · Cited by 1
Modular reorganization of the trilobite Lonchodomas chaziensis demonstrates mosaic patterns of phenotypic change underlie metamorphosis
Vargas-Parra, E. E., & Hopkins, M. J. (2026) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpag018 · Cited by 1
Integration and modular patterns shaping the morphological evolution in Neotropical hognose pitvipers Porthidium
Patrón-Rivero, C., Yáñez‐Arenas, C., Chiappa‐Carrara, X., Rojas‐Soto, O., & Ruane, S. (2026) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zoag016 · Cited by 1
Phenotypic plasticity drives local adaptation by disrupting a genetically integrated jaw apparatus in Trinidadian guppies
Avery, T. M., Dial, T. R., & Matthews, D. G. (2026) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2025.2590 · Cited by 1
Integrating Integration: The Intrinsic Mechanisms and Biological Processes that Shape Patterns of Trait Covariation Over Evolutionary Time
Matthews, D. G., & Albertson, R. C. (2026) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icag037 · Cited by 1
Phylogenetics, trait covariance analysis, and the evolution of fin and body shape in the surgeonfishes
Lungstrom, L. L., Farjo, M., Isdonas, R., George, A. B., & Westneat, M. W. (2026) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpag088 · Cited by 1
Fast Likelihood Calculations for Automatic Identification of Macroevolutionary Rate Heterogeneity in Continuous and Discrete Traits
Gründler, M. C., Rabosky, D. L., & Zapata, F. (2022) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/syac035 · Cited by 2
Surfperches versus Damselfishes: Trophic Evolution in Closely Related Pharyngognath Fishes with Highly Divergent Reproductive Strategies
Cooper, W. J., Conith, M. R., & Conith, A. J. (2024) · Integrative Organismal Biology · doi:10.1093/iob/obae018 · Cited by 1
Restructuring of Skull Modularity Pattern in Evolution Within Myotis myotis–Myotis blythii Species Group (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera, Mammalia)
Dzeverin, I., & Vertsimakha, O. (2024) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-024-09638-3 · Cited by 1
The macroevolution of brain size and cortical association areas in primates
Smaers, J. B., Rest, J. S., & Rießland, M. (2025) · Evolution of Nervous Systems · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00014-2 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Micro- and macroevolution of fish biomechanics
Price, S. A., & Evans, K. M. (2025) · Fish physiology · doi:10.1016/bs.fp.2025.06.004 · Cited by 1
Function and Constraint in the Marsupial Postcranium
Martin, M. L., & Weisbecker, V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08419-5_49 · Cited by 1
On Rank Deficiency in Phenotypic Covariance MatricesPreprint
O'Keefe, F. R., Meachen, J., & Polly, P. D. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.218289 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
How developmental constraints shape the evolution of repeated structuresPreprint
Jiang, D., Pennell, M., & Sallan, L. C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.27.645690 · Cited by 1

Authors: Goswami, A., Smaers, J. B., Soligo, C., & Polly, P. D.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
Indiana University Bloomington (US)
Corresponding author: Goswami, A.
ORCID: Goswami, A.
Smaers, J. B.
Soligo, C.
Polly, P. D.
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher: The Royal Society
Published: 2014-08-19
Volume: 369
Issue: 1649
Pages: 20130254
ISSN: 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
1471-2970
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0254
PMC: PMC4084539
OpenAlex: W2158213278
Cited by: 359
References: 133
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 31.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (0308765, 0502186)
American Museum of Natural History
University of Chicago
Field Museum
Royal Society
University of New South Wales
National Museum of Natural History
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/J012432/1, NE/H022937/1)
Office of International Science and Engineering
University of California Museum of Paleontology
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords: phenotypic integration, modularity, morphological evolution, heterochrony, postcranial skeleton, ossification, selection response, morphological disparity, homoplasy, convergent evolution, evolutionary rates, random walks
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Selection, Genetic, Time Factors, Vertebrates, Developmental Biology, Body Patterning, Biodiversity, Systems Biology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The macroevolutionary consequences of phenotypic integration: from development to deep time

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks