The detection of latency-associated transcripts of equine herpesvirus 1 in ganglionic neurons.
Abstract
Neural tissues from specific pathogen-free ponies that had been experimentally infected with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) were analysed by in situ hybridization. Digoxigenin-labelled EHV-1 BamHI fragments spanning almost the entire EHV-1 genome were hybridized to RNA in tissue sections from latently infected trigeminal ganglia. The BamHI E fragment detected EHV-1 RNA antisense to gene 63 (HSV-1 homologue ICP0) in a small number of neurons. Sixteen other BamHI fragments gave negative results in 20 sections tested with each fragment. Latency associated transcripts (LATs) were localized to the neuronal nuclei. EHV-1 nucleotide sequence data in the region reveals the presence of a putative EHV-1 LAT promoter that shares a similar motifs with the HSV-1 LAT promoter, including the LAT promoter-binding factor, and may have a role in EHV-1 LAT expression.
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Presence of specific latency-associated transcripts in trigeminal ganglia of EHV-1-infected horses was confirmed by in situ hybridization.
“These results were confirmed by another study demonstrating the presence of specific latency-associated transcripts (LAT) in TG of EHV-1-infected horses by in situ hybridization (Baxi et al., 1995).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Baxi et al., 1995
Cited by
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Patel, J., & Heldens, J. G. M. (2004) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.04.018 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Experimental investigation of herpes simplex virus latency
Wagner, E. K., & Bloom, D. C. (1997) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.10.3.419 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“Although not strictly necessary for investigation of the genetic requirements for reactivation by using mutant viruses or for general characterization of LATs (96, 205, 207, 208, 304, 305), the ability to efficiently induce reactivation is of great value for analyzing the nature of the changes seen in neural tissue du…”
BackgroundInfluentialEHV-1: A Constant Threat to the Horse Industry
Oladunni, F. S., Horohov, D. W., & Chambers, T. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02668 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Clinical and Molecular Pathogenesis of Varicella Virus Infection
Gilden, D. H., Cohrs, R. J., & Mahalingam, R. (2003) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/088282403322396073 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“The LAT detected in nuclei of neurons latently infected with equine herpesvirus type 1 also maps to the DNA strand opposite to the equine IE gene 63, the homologue of HSV-1 ICP0 (5).”
InfluentialChesters, P. M., Allsop, R., Purewal, A., & Edington, N. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.5.3437-3443.1997 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Another unusual aspect of the cited study (3) is that EHV-1 gene 63 is not an IE gene (17, 19), as has been shown for HSV-1 (14), PRV (12), FHV-1 (25), and MDV (22, 23).”
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Borchers, K., Wolfinger, U., & Ludwig, H. (1999) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-80-8-2165 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“derived from gene 63 (HSV-1 ICP0 gene homologue) in trigeminal ganglia (Baxi et al., 1995 ; Borchers et al., 1999).”
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Experimental infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induces chorioretinal lesions.
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“EHV-1 DNA (gB gene) and latencyassociated transcripts (LAT) transcripts were detected by in situ hybridization carried out on histology sections of tissues as previously described [26], using digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes generated either from the nested PCR amplicon of the gB gene of EHV-1 or from the BamHI fragment…”
MethodMolecular studies of Varicella zoster virus
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“3) (3), including perfect conservation of two TATA boxes, two CAAT boxes, an SP1 binding site, and a latency promoter binding factor site.”
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“Latent virus has been identified in lymph nodes and nervous tissue (including trigeminal ganglia), and latency-associated transcripts have been identified in CD5+/CD8+ leucocytes (Baxi et al., 1995; Chesters, Allsop, Purewal, & Edington, 1997; Pusterla, Mapes, & Wilson, 2010).”
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Laval, K., Poelaert, K. C. K., Van Cleemput, J., Zhao, J., Vandekerckhove, A. P., Gryspeerdt, A. C., Garré, B., van der Meulen, K., Baghi, H. B., Dubale, H. N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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“This present work supports and further defines earlier studies using genomic PCR and co-cultivation of explanted leukocytes to detect latent virus in leukocytes from venous blood and from lymph nodes of the respiratory tract (Welch et al., 1992), and more recent work which has identified LATs in these cells using in s…”
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“Sections of trigeminal ganglia from specific pathogen-free (SPF) ponies which were experimentally infected with EHV-1 were recently analysed by in situ hybridization using a HSV-1 equivalent LAT probe (Baxi et al., 1995).”
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“The high prevalence of the virus results from difficulty in preventing primary infections and the subsequent establishment of latent infection in the lymphocytes and neuronal tissues (Baxi et al., 1995; Chesters et al., 1997; Edington et al., 1994).”
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“Whether all positive samples analysed here are true latent forms or a low level persistent infection can not be fully determined, since in this work there was no focus on the presence of EHV-1 LAT in total RNA [3].”
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“ISH has been used to detect both active infection, as well as latent EHV-1 infection, in tissues.(6,11,24,38,48,50,53) Radiolabeled or digoxigenin-labeled DNA and RNA probes have been used to detect viral DNA or messenger RNA transcripts (e.”
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“However, alphaherpesviruses, including HSV, equine herpesvirus 1, pseudorabies virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, and simian varicella virus, have latency-associated transcripts that are antisense to the HSV ICP0 gene or its orthologs (5, 18, 65, 74, 75).”
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“Neurotropic animal alphaherpesviruses, including EHV-1, EHV-4, PRV, and BHV-1, also express a LAT that is antisense to a ICP0 homolog gene in latently infected ganglia (1, 2, 4, 25).”
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- Authors
- Baxi, M. K., Efstathiou, S., Lawrence, G., Whalley, J. M., Slater, J. D., & Field, H. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- ORCID
- Slater, J. D.
- Venue
- Journal of General Virology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 1995-12-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3113-3118
- ISSN
- 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-2099
- OpenAlex
- W2001463904
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, latency-associated transcript, viral latency, trigeminal ganglion, ganglionic neurons, herpesvirus latency, ponies, herpesvirus gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Nucleus, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Horses, Molecular Sequence Data, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, RNA, Viral, Trigeminal Ganglion, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Viral Proteins, RNA Probes, RNA, Antisense, Virus Shedding, In Situ Hybridization, Virus Latency, Herpesvirus 1, Human
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