In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

Smith, D J; Iqbal, J; Edington, N; Purewal, A; Hamblin, A S

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-12-2997

Cited by 51Herpesvirus Infections and TreatmentsAnimal Virus Infections StudiesViral-associated cancers and disorders

In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

Smith, D J, Iqbal, J, Edington, N, Purewal, A, Hamblin, A S·1998·Journal of General Virology

DOI 10.1099/0022-1317-79-12-2997

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Abstract

IL-2 and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) initiated reactivation of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) from venous lymphocytes at a frequency of 1/10(-5). Indirect immunofluorescence showed that > 80% of virus-positive leukocytes were CD5+/CD8+ with the remaining 20% being CD5+/CD8-/CD4-. Cocultivation demonstrated that the reactivated virus was infectious. In addition, virus was reactivated in vitro from leukocytes of > 70% of horses by the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Transfer of supernatants showed that IL-2 and eCG acted indirectly by causing the release of other mediators from adherent cells; these mediators then reactivated EHV-1 from T cells. Blocking experiments with anti-IL-2 showed that PWM and PHA acted via IL-2 but that eCG did not. This is the first clear definition of the lymphoid cells that harbour latent EHV-1 in vivo and correlates with current RT-PCR and in situ hybridization of latency-associated transcripts in lymphocytes. This method of reactivation in vitro can be used to detect horses carrying latent EHV-1 in vivo and also has the potential to dissect the sequence of events involved in reactivation in vitro.

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EHV-1 reactivates from CD8+ T lymphocytes upon mitogen stimulation in vitro.
“An in vitro study showed that EHV-1 reactivates from CD8+ T lymphocytes upon mitogen stimulation (e.g., phytohaemagglutin ad pokeweed mitogen) (Smith et al., 1998).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 1998

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Construction of an equine antibody library in the single-chain-Fragment-variable format (scFv) to express equine immunoglobulins
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Detection of latency-associated transcripts of equid herpesvirus 1 in equine leukocytes but not in trigeminal ganglia.
Chesters, P. M., Allsop, R., Purewal, A., & Edington, N. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.5.3437-3443.1997 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Is Latent Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Reactivated by Triggering Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response in Equine Peripheral Blood Leukocytes?
Marzo, A. D. (2013) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Equid herpesvirus 1 is neurotropic in mice, but latency from which infectious virus can be reactivated does not occur
Iqbal, J., & Edington, N. (2002) · Acta Veterinaria Hungarica · doi:10.1556/avet.50.2002.1.14 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Experimental reactivation of equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV 1) following the administration of corticosteroids
Edington, N., BRIDGES, C. G., & HUCKLE, A. (1985) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02524.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Molecular investigation of the viral kinetics of equine herpesvirus-1 in blood and nasal secretions of horses after corticosteroid-induced recrudescence of latent infection.
Pusterla, N., Hussey, S. B., Mapes, S., Johnson, C., Collier, J. R., Hill, J., Lunn, D. P., & Wilson, W. D. (2010) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0554.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Authors: Smith, D. J., Iqbal, J., Edington, N., Purewal, A., & Hamblin, A. S.
Affiliations: Royal Veterinary College (GB)
Venue: Journal of General Virology
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Published: 1998-12-01
Volume: 79
Issue: 12
Pages: 2997-3004
ISSN: 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
1465-2099
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-12-2997
OpenAlex: W2105093420
Cited by: 51
References: 39
Citations by year: 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 1.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Keywords: equine herpesvirus 1, viral latency, interleukin-2, equine chorionic gonadotropin, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, horses, latency-associated transcript
MeSH terms: Animals, Cells, Cultured, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Horses, Humans, Interleukin-2, Rabbits, Virus Activation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus Latency, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD5 Antigens

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In vitro reactivation of latent equid herpesvirus-1 from CD5+/CD8+ leukocytes indirectly by IL-2 or chorionic gonadotrophin.

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