Escherichia coli and its lipopolysaccharide modulate in vitro Candida biofilm formation
Abstract
Demystification of microbial behaviour in mixed biofilms could have a major impact on our understanding of infectious diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vitro the interactions of six different Candida species and a Gram-negative coliform,Escherichia coli, in dual-species biofilms, and to assess the effect of E. coli LPS on Candida biofilm formation. A single isolate of E. coli ATCC 25922 and six different species of Candida,Candida albicans ATCC 90028,Candida glabrata ATCC 90030,Candida krusei ATCC 6258,Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803,Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida dubliniensis MYA-646, were studied using a standard biofilm assay. Each Candida species was co-cultured with E. coli on a polystyrene surface and biofilm formation was quantified by a c.f.u. assay. The biofilm was then analysed by Live/Dead staining and fluorescence microscopy (confocal laser-scanning microscopy, CLSM), whilst scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualize the biofilm architecture. The effect of E. coli LPS on Candida biofilm cell activity at defined time intervals was assessed with an XTT reduction assay. A significant quantitative reduction in c.f.u. counts of C. tropicalis(after 90 min),C. parapsilosis(after 90 min and 24 h),C. krusei(after 24 h) and C. dubliniensis(after 24 and 48 h) was noted on incubation with E. coli in comparison with their monospecies biofilm counterparts (P<0.05). On the other hand, a simultaneous and significant reduction in E. coli cell numbers occurred on co-culture with C. albicans(after 90 min), and an elevation of E. coli cell numbers followed co-culture with C. tropicalis(after 24 h) and C. dubliniensis(after 24 h and 48 h) (P<0.05). All quantitative findings were confirmed by SEM and CLSM analyses. By SEM observation, dual-species biofilms demonstrated scanty architecture with reduced visible cell counts at all stages of biofilm development, despite profuse growth and dense colonization in their single-species counterparts. Significantly elevated metabolic activity, as assessed by XTT readings, was observed in E. coli LPS-treated C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis biofilms (after 48 h), whilst this had the opposite effect for C. dubliniensis(after 24 h) (P<0.05). These data indicate that E. coli and Candida species in a mixed-species environment mutually modulate biofilm development, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and that E. coli LPS appears to be a key component in mediating these outcomes.
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Candida albicans interacts with several bacterial species found in the gut, such as Enterococcus and Escherichia species; those found in the vagina, such as Lactobacillus species; and those found in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
“C. albicans also interacts with several bacterial species found in the gut, such as Enterococcus and Escherichia species; those found in the vagina, such as Lactobacillus species; and those found in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13, 34, 54, 78).”
From <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Bandara, H. M. H. N., Yau, J. Y. Y., Watt, R. M., Jin, L. J., & Samaranayake, L. P.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Oral Biosciences, 5/F Prince Phillip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR
- Prince Philip Dental Hospital (CN)
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Microbiology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1623-1631
- ISSN
- 0022-2615 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-5644
- OpenAlex
- W2133114545
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Earth Sciences
- Ministry of Education, India
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharide, Candida, dual-species biofilms, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, biofilm structure
- MeSH terms
- Candida, Escherichia coli, Lipopolysaccharides, Species Specificity, Biofilms
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