Candida albicans biofilms: development, regulation, and molecular mechanisms
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A major virulence attribute of Candida albicans is its ability to form biofilms, densely packed communities of cells adhered to a surface. These biofilms are intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal therapeutics, the host immune system, and other environmental factors, making biofilm-associated infections a significant clinical challenge. Here, we review current knowledge on the development, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of C. albicans biofilms.
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Biofilm formation helps fungal cells survive antifungal treatment by secreting extracellular matrix and enhancing drug efflux pump activity, which is closely related to antifungal tolerance and resistance.
“Biofilm formation helps fungal cells survive antifungal treatment by secreting extracellular matrix and enhancing drug efflux pump activity, which is closely related to antifungal tolerance and resistance [75–77].”
From Antifungal persistence: Clinical relevance and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Gulati, M., & Nobile, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Merced (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nobile, Clarissa J.
- ORCID
- Nobile, Clarissa J.
- Venue
- Microbes and Infection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 310-321
- ISSN
- 1286-4579 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4860025
- OpenAlex
- W2252911663
- Cited by
- 738
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Microbes and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R00AI100896)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, biofilm, biofilm formation, biofilm regulation, molecular mechanisms, antifungal resistance, host immune evasion, fungal virulence, biofilm-associated infections
- MeSH terms
- Candida albicans, Humans, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Biofilms
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