Using genetically encoded heme sensors to probe the mechanisms of heme uptake and homeostasis in Candida albicans
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1111/cmi.13282 · Paper page
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen that can utilize hemin and hemoglobin as iron sources in the iron-scarce host environment. While C. albicans is a heme prototroph, we show here that it can also efficiently utilize external heme as a cellular heme source. Using genetically encoded ratiometric fluorescent heme sensors, we show that heme extracted from hemoglobin and free hemin enter the cells with different kinetics. Heme supplied as hemoglobin is taken up via the CFEM (Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane) hemophore cascade, and reaches the cytoplasm over several hours, whereas entry of free hemin via CFEM-dependent and independent pathways is much faster, less than an hour. To prevent an influx of extracellular heme from reaching toxic levels in the cytoplasm, the cells deploy Hmx1, a heme oxygenase. Hmx1 was previously suggested to be involved in utilization of hemoglobin and hemin as iron sources, but we find that it is primarily required to prevent heme toxicity. Taken together, the combination of novel heme sensors with genetic analysis revealed new details of the fungal mechanisms of heme import and homeostasis, necessary to balance the uses of heme as essential cofactor and potential iron source against its toxicity.
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- Authors
- Weissman, Z., Pinsky, M., Donegan, R. K., Reddi, A. R., & Kornitzer, D.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kornitzer, Daniel
- Venue
- Cellular Microbiology
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-07-26
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e13282-e13282
- ISSN
- 1462-5814 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7855654
- OpenAlex
- W3094284950
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cellular Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1552791)
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (2017228)
- Israel Science Foundation (#487/15)
- National Institutes of Health (ES025661)
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES025661, R33ES025661)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Hemoglobin structure and function
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, heme uptake, heme homeostasis, hemoglobin, hemin, HMX1, heme oxygenase, heme toxicity, iron acquisition, ratiometric fluorescence imaging
- MeSH terms
- Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Fungal Proteins, Heme, Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing), Hemin, Hemoglobins, Homeostasis, Humans, Iron, Luminescent Proteins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Biosensing Techniques
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