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Flexible multitask computation in recurrent networks utilizes shared dynamical motifs
Open accessAbstract
Flexible computation is a hallmark of intelligent behavior. Yet, little is known about how neural networks contextually reconfigure for different computations. Humans are able to perform a new task without extensive training, presumably through the composition of elementary processes that were previously learned. Cognitive scientists have long hypothesized the possibility of a compositional neural code, where complex neural computations are made up of constituent components; however, the neural substrate underlying this structure remains elusive in biological and artificial neural networks. Here we identified an algorithmic neural substrate for compositional computation through the study of multitasking artificial recurrent neural networks. Dynamical systems analyses of networks revealed learned computational strategies that mirrored the modular subtask structure of the task-set used for training. Dynamical motifs such as attractors, decision boundaries and rotations were reused across different task computations. For example, tasks that required memory of a continuous circular variable repurposed the same ring attractor. We show that dynamical motifs are implemented by clusters of units and are reused across different contexts, allowing for flexibility and generalization of previously learned computation. Lesioning these clusters resulted in modular effects on network performance: a lesion that destroyed one dynamical motif only minimally perturbed the structure of other dynamical motifs. Finally, modular dynamical motifs could be reconfigured for fast transfer learning. After slow initial learning of dynamical motifs, a subsequent faster stage of learning reconfigured motifs to perform novel tasks. This work contributes to a more fundamental understanding of compositional computation underlying flexible general intelligence in neural systems. We present a conceptual framework that establishes dynamical motifs as a fundamental unit of computation, intermediate between the neuron and the network. As more whole brain imaging studies record neural activity from multiple specialized systems simultaneously, the framework of dynamical motifs will guide questions about specialization and generalization across brain regions.
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“For example, RNNs trained in many computational tasks develop modular neural populations and dynamical motifs that are re-used across tasks (Driscoll et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2019).”
From Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference (2023) · cites this paper as Driscoll et al., 2022
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“neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex typically represent one or more features such as spatial position, heading direction, and environmental landmarks and are therefore thought to support navigation.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]”
From Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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Disinhibitory signaling enables flexible coding of top-down information in cortical networks
Aquino, T. G., Kim, R., & Rungratsameetaweemana, N. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003831 · Cited by 1
Population codes for context-dependent decision-making
Kira, S., & Panzeri, S. (2026) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2026.103243
Low-Rank Recurrent Neural Networks and Their Role in Modeling Cognition
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Complexity and dynamics of partially symmetric random neural networks
Sherf, N., Tang, S., Hafner, D., Touboul, J., Pitkow, X., Bassler, K. E., & Josić́, K. (2026) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/rgjj-v32k
A shared cortical manifold links sensory error to motor planningPreprint
Zempolich, G., Zhou, W., Holey, B. E., Williams, A. H., & Schneider, D. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.02.742317
Metadata
- Authors
- Driscoll, L., Shenoy, K., & Sussillo, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Driscoll, Laura
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2022-08-15
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1349-1363
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11239504
- OpenAlex
- W4400462656
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 26.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation (543049, 1155867, 543045)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- recurrent neural networks, multi-task learning, modular computation, ring attractor, attractor dynamics, decision boundaries, transfer learning
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Learning, Models, Neurological, Nerve Net, Neurons, Neural Networks, Computer
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