The Drosophila heterochromatic gene encoding poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is required to modulate chromatin structure during development
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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a major NAD-dependent modifying enzyme that mediates important steps in DNA repair, transcription, and apoptosis, but its role during development is poorly understood. We found that a single Drosophila Parp gene spans more than 150 kb of transposon-rich centromeric heterochromatin and produces several differentially spliced transcripts, including a novel isoform, PARP-e, predicted to encode a protein lacking enzymatic activity. An insertion mutation near the upstream promoter for Parp-e disrupts all Parp expression. Heterochromatic but not euchromatic sequences become hypersensitive to micrococcal nuclease, nucleoli fail to form, and transcript levels of the copia retrotransposon are elevated more than 50-fold; the variegated expression of certain transgenes is dominantly enhanced. Larval lethality can be rescued and PARP activity restored by expressing a cDNA encoding PARP-e. We propose that PARP-e autoregulates Parp transcription by influencing the chromatin structure of its heterochromatic environment. Our results indicate that Parp plays a fundamental role organizing the structure of Drosophila chromatin.
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PARP1 has been implicated in the silencing of retrotransposons in Drosophila.
“a protein which has been implicated in the silencing of retrotransposons in Drosophila30”
From SIRT6 represses LINE1 retrotransposons by ribosylating KAP1 but this repression fails with stress and age (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
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Post-Transcriptional Regulation by Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of the RNA-Binding Proteins
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- Authors
- Tulin, A., Stewart, D., & Spradling, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2002-08-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2108-2119
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC186441
- OpenAlex
- W2128974910
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-27875)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Drosophila, centromeric heterochromatin, chromatin structure, alternative splicing, nucleolus formation, copia retrotransposon, developmental lethality
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Nucleolus, Chromatin, Chromosome Mapping, Chromosomes, DNA, DNA Transposable Elements, Drosophila, Genes, Dominant, Genotype, Heterochromatin, Immunohistochemistry, Micrococcal Nuclease, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Models, Genetic, Mutation, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases, RNA, Messenger, Time Factors, Blotting, Northern, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, DNA, Complementary, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Protein Isoforms, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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