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Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species
Open accessAbstract
Lipid peroxidation is the process by which oxygen combines with lipids to generate lipid hydroperoxides via intermediate formation of peroxyl radicals. Vitamin E and coenzyme Q 10 react with peroxyl radicals to yield peroxides, and then these oxidized lipid species can be detoxified by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other components of the cellular antioxidant defense network. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Here, we review the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea. We also discuss the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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![Figure 2. Transgenic studies of GPX4 in mice reveal which tissues are, in principle, sensitive to undergoing ferroptosis. A myriad of transgenic studies performed in mice have pinpointed which cells and tissues depend on a functional glutathione/GPX4 system and thus in general are susceptible to ferroptotic cell death. A number of knockout studies with systemic deletion of the Gpx4 gene showed that loss of GPX4 causes early embryonic lethality around the gastrulation stage (i.e., embryonic day 7.5 [E7.5]). Beyond its requirement in early embryogenesis, several conditional deletion approaches of Gpx4 in different neuronal subpopulations revealed its necessity for a number of different neurons, such as pyramidal cells in the hippocampus, glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and motor neurons. Tamoxifen-inducible whole-body deletion of Gpx4 showed that kidney epithelial tubular cells are the limiting factor for survival of adult mice. Loss of GPX4 in hepatocytes and endothelial cells showed that in some tissues, Gpx4 deficiency can be compensated for by dietary vitamin E supplementation. Additional tissue-specific knockout studies for Gpx4 pinpointed that reticulocytes, certain T cells, photoreceptor cells, and male germ cells do depend on a functional GSH/GPX4 system. For further details, see the text.](/paper-figures/5776dc1fc34d4d5f96b745f4bb4f0468/regulation-of-lipid-peroxidation-and-ferroptosis-in-diverse-species-figure-2.jpg)
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“Mitochondrial damage has been found to be involved in lipid peroxidation and imbalance of iron homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD [34].”
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Cites
Ferroptosis: An Iron-Dependent Form of Nonapoptotic Cell Death
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Self-citationRegulation of Ferroptotic Cancer Cell Death by GPX4
Yang, W. S., SriRamaratnam, R., Welsch, M. E., Shimada, K., Skouta, R., Viswanathan, V. S., Cheah, J. H., Clemons, P. A., Shamji, A. F., Clish, C. B., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.010 · Cited by 7,713
Self-citationFerroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease
Stockwell, B. R., Friedmann Angeli, J. P., Bayir, H., Bush, A. I., Conrad, M., Dixon, S. J., Fulda, S., Gascón, S., Hatzios, S. K., Kagan, V. E., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.021 · Cited by 7,695
Self-citationGalluzzi, L., Vitale, I., Aaronson, S. A., Abrams, J. M., Adam, D., Agostinis, P., Alnemri, E. S., Altucci, L., Amelio, I., Andrews, D. W., et al. (2018) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4 · Cited by 6,680
Self-citationACSL4 dictates ferroptosis sensitivity by shaping cellular lipid composition
Doll, S., Proneth, B., Tyurina, Y. Y., Panzilius, E., Kobayashi, S., Ingold, I., Irmler, M., Beckers, J., Aichler, M., Walch, A., et al. (2017) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.2239 · Cited by 4,293
Self-citationInactivation of the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 triggers acute renal failure in mice
Friedmann Angeli, J. P., Schneider, M., Proneth, B., Tyurina, Y. Y., Tyurin, V. A., Hammond, V. J., Herbach, N., Aichler, M., Walch, A., Eggenhofer, E., et al. (2014) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3064 · Cited by 3,732
Self-citationWendel, A. (1981) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77046-0 · Cited by 3,032
Oxidized arachidonic and adrenic PEs navigate cells to ferroptosis
Kagan, V. E., Mao, G., Qu, F., Angeli, J. P. F., Doll, S., Croix, C. S., Dar, H. H., Liu, B., Tyurin, V. A., Ritov, V. B., et al. (2017) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/nchembio.2238 · Cited by 3,029
Self-citationAscorbate and Glutathione: The Heart of the Redox Hub
Foyer, C. H., & Noctor, G. (2011) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.110.167569 · Cited by 2,559
Autophagy promotes ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin
Hou, W., Xie, Y., Song, X., Sun, X., Lotze, M. T., Zeh, H. J., Kang, R., & Tang, D. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2016.1187366 · Cited by 2,332
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis
Su, L.-J., Zhang, J.-H., Gomez, H., Murugan, R., Hong, X., Xu, D., Jiang, F., & Peng, Z.-Y. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/5080843 · Cited by 2,166
Role of GPX4 in ferroptosis and its pharmacological implication
Seibt, T. M., Proneth, B., & Conrad, M. (2019) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.014 · Cited by 1,520
Self-citationRSL3 Drives Ferroptosis Through GPX4 Inactivation and ROS Production in Colorectal Cancer
Sui, X., Zhang, R., Liu, S., Duan, T., Zhai, L., Zhang, M., Han, X., Xiang, Y., Huang, X., Lin, H., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01371 · Cited by 703
Park, M. W., Cha, H. W., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Yang, H., Yoon, S., Boonpraman, N., Yi, S. S., Yoo, I. D., & Moon, J.-S. (2021) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.101947 · Cited by 683
“Mitochondrial damage has been found to be involved in lipid peroxidation and imbalance of iron homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD [34].”
BackgroundA major role for ferroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis –induced cell death and tissue necrosis
Amaral, E. P., Costa, D. L., Namasivayam, S., Riteau, N., Kamenyeva, O., Mittereder, L., Mayer-Barber, K. D., Andrade, B. B., & Sher, A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20181776 · Cited by 464
Metadata
- Authors
- Conrad, M., Kagan, V. E., Bayir, H., Pagnussat, G. C., Head, B., Traber, M. G., & Stockwell, B. R.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2018-05-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 9-10
- Pages
- 602-619
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC6004068
- OpenAlex
- W2804102163
- Cited by
- 544
- References
- 224
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 6
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R35CA209896, P01CA087497, U19AI068021, NS076511, NS061817)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CO 291/2-3, CO 291/5-1)
- Human Frontier Science Program (RGP0013)
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- Proyectos de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (2013-1372, PICT 2016-0110)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, antioxidant defense, GPX4, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, peroxy radicals, lipid hydroperoxides, non-apoptotic cell death, iron metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Biological Evolution, Humans, Iron, Species Specificity, Lipid Peroxidation, Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species
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