Quantum circuit engineering for correcting coherent noise
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Abstract
Crosstalk and several forms of coherent noise are invisible when a qubit or a gate is calibrated or benchmarked in isolation. These are unlocked during the execution of a full quantum circuit applying entangling gates to several qubits simultaneously. Unitary crosstalk noise, such as an unwanted Z-Z coupling, limits the state fidelity during the execution of cross-resonance controlled-not (cnot) gates in superconductor quantum computers. This work presents (1) a method of tracing coherent errors by exploiting their sensitivity to the arrangement of cnot gates in the circuit and (2) a correction scheme that modifies the original circuit by inserting carefully the chosen compensating gates (single- or two-qubit) to possibly undo coherent errors. On two vastly different types of IBMQ processors offering quantum volume 8 to 32, our experimental results show up to 25% reduction in the infidelity of $[[7,1,3]]$ code $|+\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state (Clifford circuits) and five- to 15-qubit $W$ states (non-Clifford circuits). Our experimental circuits aggressively deploy forced commutation of cnot gates to obtain low-noise state-preparation circuits. An encoded state initialized with fewer errors marks an important step towards successful demonstration of fault-tolerant quantum computers.
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Higher levels of entanglement are accompanied by higher levels of accumulated noise and error in the circuits.
“This is accompanied by higher levels of accumulated noise and error in the circuits77.”
From Parameterized quantum random number generators for superconducting quantum hardware: novel architectures and NIST SP 800-22 evaluation under IBM noisy simulators (2026) · cites this paper as [77]
The Introduction (p. 1) says sequences of CNOT gates add context-dependent noise, and Previous Work (p. 9) says many entangling gates can accumulate enough errors to impair later operations. These passages support a link between more entangling gates and accumulated error, but do not establish that higher levels of entanglement itself are accompanied by higher noise and error. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Ahsan, M., Naqvi, S. A. Z., & Anwer, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (PK)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2022-02-18
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 2469-9926
- 2469-9934
- OpenAlex
- W3196799976
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2022-03-01)
- Open access
- green
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- International Business Machines Corporation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Keywords
- coherent noise, crosstalk, superconducting qubits, error correction, W state, Clifford circuits, state fidelity, fault tolerance
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