Synthetic dimensions in integrated photonics: From optical isolation to four-dimensional quantum Hall physics
Open accessAbstract
Recent technological advances in integrated photonics have spurred on the study of topological phenomena in engineered bosonic systems. Indeed, the controllability of silicon ring-resonator arrays has opened up new perspectives for building lattices for photons with topologically nontrivial bands and integrating them into photonic devices for practical applications. Here, we push these developments even further by exploiting the different modes of a silicon ring resonator as an extra dimension for photons. Tunneling along this synthetic dimension is implemented via an external time-dependent modulation that allows for the generation of engineered gauge fields. We show how this approach can be used to generate a variety of exciting topological phenomena in integrated photonics, ranging from a topologically-robust optical isolator in a spatially one-dimensional (1D) ring-resonator chain to a driven-dissipative analog of the 4D quantum Hall effect in a spatially 3D resonator lattice. Our proposal paves the way towards the use of topological effects in the design of novel photonic lattices supporting many frequency channels and displaying higher connectivities.
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The model can be decomposed as a direct sum of 1D pumps that each have gaps associated with nontrivial 1st Chern numbers.
“Since this model can be decomposed as a direct sum of 1D pumps that each have gaps that are associated with nontrivial 1 st Chern numbers 6,28,29 , it follows that:”
From Photonic topological boundary pumping as a probe of 4D quantum Hall physics (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
Section III.B, “Introduction to the 2D Harper-Hofstadter model” (page unavailable), describes topologically nontrivial bands with nonzero first Chern numbers and edge states in the band gaps. It does not describe decomposing the model into a direct sum of 1D pumps, so that part of the attributed claim is unsupported by our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThree- and higher-dimensional configurations require synthetic dimension schemes where extra spatial dimensions are encoded in other degrees of freedom of the photon, such as different cavity modes of a ring resonator.
“three-and higher-dimensional configurations require the use of synthetic dimension schemes where extra spatial dimension are encoded in some other degrees of freedom of the photon, e.g. the different cavity modes of a ring resonator [134][135][136].”
From How to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states (2025) · cites this paper as [134]
Section II and ‘B. Lattice of Resonators’ describe encoding an additional dimension in the modes of ring resonators to create higher-dimensional photonic lattices. But the Introduction also mentions experimentally realized three-dimensional spatial lattices, so the paper does not support the claim that three-dimensional configurations require a synthetic dimension. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“…conceptual challenges to the exper-iment, three-and higher-dimensional configurations require the use of synthetic dimensions: extra spatial dimension can in fact be realized by exploiting some degrees of freedom of the photon, e.g. the different cavity modes of a ring resonator [104–106].”
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- Authors
- Ozawa, T., Price, H. M., Goldman, N., Zilberberg, O., & Carusotto, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Trento (IT)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2016-04-15
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 2469-9926
- 2469-9934
- OpenAlex
- W2269838282
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 19.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- European Research Council (QGBE)
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Keywords
- synthetic dimensions, integrated photonics, silicon ring resonator, topological photonics, optical isolation, temporal modulation, driven-dissipative systems, photonic lattices, resonator arrays
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