Incompatibility of fine-structure constant variations at recombination with local observations
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Some attempts of easing the critical Hubble tension present in modern cosmology have resorted to using variations of fundamental constants, such as the fine-structure constant, at the time of recombination. In this article we demonstrate that there are critical hurdles to construct such viable models using scalar fields, due to the striking precision of local constraints on the fine-structure constant stability. These hurdles demonstrate that in single-field models one has to extremely fine-tune the shape of the potential and/or the initial conditions. Indeed, for single-field models in a potential that is not fine-tuned we can put a generic bound at recombination of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\alpha}/\ensuremath{\alpha}<5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ (95% CL).
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In single-field models, one has to extremely fine-tune the shape of the potential and/or the initial conditions.
“In particular they demonstrates that in single-field models one has to extremely fine-tune the shape of the potential and/or the initial conditions.”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Vacher and Schoeneberg 2024
On the example of B(φ)F^2 models, Vacher and Schoeneberg (2024) demonstrated that this is a critical hurdle to construct a viable model of varying constant that would resolve the Hubble tension since the field would have to relax rapidly enough to avoid local constraints.
“On the example of BðuÞF 2 models discussed in Sect.7.4 Vacher and Scho ¨neberg (2024) demonstrated that this is a critical hurdle to construct a viable model of varying constant that would resolve the Hubble tension since the field would have to relax rapidly enough to avoid the local constraints.”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Vacher and Schoeneberg 2024
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The mass effect — variations of the electron mass and their impact on cosmology
Schöneberg, N., & Vacher, L. (2024) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationRatio-preserving approach to cosmological concordance
Greene, K., & Cyr-Racine, F. (2024) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.043524 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Searching for coupled, hyperlight scalars across cosmic history
Baryakhtar, M., Simon, O., & Weiner, Z. J. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/pyls-gvyr · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Non-parametric reconstruction of the fine structure constant with galaxy clusters
Ferreira, M., Holanda, R., Gonzalez, J. E., Colaço, L. R., & Nunes, R. C. (2024) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13468-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A speed limit on tachyon fields from cosmological and fine-structure data
Dias, J. D. F., Schöneberg, N., Vacher, L., Martins, C. J. A. P., & Vinzl, S. (2024) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2024/11/030
Self-citation
- Authors
- Vacher, L., & Schöneberg, N.
- Affiliations
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (IT)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2024-05-13
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 10
- ISSN
- 2470-0010 (ISSN-L)
- 2470-0029
- OpenAlex
- W4392489763
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (2020-9-HH.0, 2016-24-H.1-2018)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (2022.04048.PTDC)
- Aix-Marseille Université
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID 2022-141125NB-I00)
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
- Keywords
- fine-structure constant variation, Hubble tension, recombination epoch, scalar field models, variation of fundamental constants, single-field inflation, initial conditions, cosmological constant problem
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