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Cited by 179Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesAdvanced Mathematical Theories and ApplicationsNoncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories

The status of varying constants: a review of the physics, searches and implications

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Martins, C J A P·2017·Reports on Progress in Physics
DOI 10.1088/1361-6633/aa860e
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Abstract

The observational evidence for the recent acceleration of the universe demonstrates that canonical theories of cosmology and particle physics are incomplete—if not incorrect—and that new physics is out there, waiting to be discovered. A key task for the next generation of laboratory and astrophysical facilities is to search for, identify and ultimately characterize this new physics. Here we highlight recent developments in tests of the stability of nature’s fundamental couplings, which provide a direct handle on new physics: a detection of variations will be revolutionary, but even improved null results provide competitive constraints on a range of cosmological and particle physics paradigms. A joint analysis of all currently available data shows a preference for variations of α and μ at about the two-sigma level, but inconsistencies between different sub-sets (likely due to hidden systematics) suggest that these statistical preferences need to be taken with caution. On the other hand, these measurements strongly constrain Weak Equivalence Principle violations. Plans and forecasts for forthcoming studies with facilities such as ALMA, ESPRESSO and the ELT, which should clarify these issues, are also discussed, and synergies with other probes are briefly highlighted. The goal is to show how a new generation of precision consistency tests of the standard paradigm will soon become possible.

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  • ALMA measurements of absorption spectroscopy toward high-redshift quasars bound the variation Δα = α(z=0.89)-α0 to |Δα/α0| < 0.55 p.p.m.

    “ALMA measurements of absorption spectroscopy toward high-redshift quasars bound the variation ∆α = α(z = 0.89)-α 0 to |∆α/α 0 | < 0.55p.p.m [14] [15,16].”

    From Stress-energy tensor of a scalar field on a product spacetime with a time-dependent compact dimension (2026) · cites this paper as [16]

    Section 3.2 discusses radio absorption measurements of combinations of constants and mentions ALMA in connection with potential measurements of μ, not a bound on α. The table reproduced under Conclusions lists measurements at z = 0.886 for μ. Searches for ALMA, z ≈ 0.89, and 0.55 ppm found no passage establishing the claimed |Δα/α₀| bound. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Martins, C. J. A. P.
Affiliations
Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (PT)
Corresponding author
Martins, C J A P
ORCID
Martins, C J A P
Venue
Reports on Progress in Physics
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Published
2017-11-02
Volume
80
Issue
12
Pages
126902
ISSN
  • 0034-4885 (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6633
DOI
10.1088/1361-6633/aa860e
OpenAlex
W2748851033
Cited by
179
References
224
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 29
FWCI
9.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Reports on Progress in Physics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (IF/00064/2012)
  • FCT (PTDC/FIS/111725/2009)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Keywords
variation of fundamental constants, fine-structure constant, muon anomalous magnetic moment, weak equivalence principle violation, fundamental physics tests, cosmic acceleration, precision spectroscopy, ALMA, espresso, Extremely Large Telescope

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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