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Cited by 2,380Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesStellar, planetary, and galactic studiesGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km s −1 Mpc −1 Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team

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Riess, Adam G., Yuan, Wenlong, Macri, Lucas M., Scolnic, Dan, Brout, Dillon, Casertano, Stefano, Jones, David O., Murakami, Yukei +10 more·2022·The Astrophysical Journal Letters
DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/ac5c5b
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Abstract

We report observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of Cepheid variables in the host galaxies of 42 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) used to calibrate the Hubble constant ( H 0 ). These include the complete sample of all suitable SNe Ia discovered in the last four decades at redshift z ≤ 0.01, collected and calibrated from ≥1000 HST orbits, more than doubling the sample whose size limits the precision of the direct determination of H 0 . The Cepheids are calibrated geometrically from Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, masers in NGC 4258 (here tripling that sample of Cepheids), and detached eclipsing binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud. All Cepheids in these anchors and SN Ia hosts were measured with the same instrument (WFC3) and filters ( F555W , F814W , F160W ) to negate zero-point errors. We present multiple verifications of Cepheid photometry and six tests of background determinations that show Cepheid measurements are accurate in the presence of crowded backgrounds. The SNe Ia in these hosts calibrate the magnitude–redshift relation from the revised Pantheon+ compilation, accounting here for covariance between all SN data and with host properties and SN surveys matched throughout to negate systematics. We decrease the uncertainty in the local determination of H 0 to 1 km s −1 Mpc −1 including systematics. We present results for a comprehensive set of nearly 70 analysis variants to explore the sensitivity of H 0 to selections of anchors, SN surveys, redshift ranges, the treatment of Cepheid dust, metallicity, form of the period–luminosity relation, SN color, peculiar-velocity corrections, sample bifurcations, and simultaneous measurement of the expansion history. Our baseline result from the Cepheid–SN Ia sample is H 0 = 73.04 ± 1.04 km s −1 Mpc −1 , which includes systematic uncertainties and lies near the median of all analysis variants. We demonstrate consistency with measures from HST of the TRGB between SN Ia hosts and NGC 4258, and include them simultaneously to yield 72.53 ± 0.99 km s −1 Mpc −1 . The inclusion of high-redshift SNe Ia yields H 0 = 73.30 ± 1.04 km s −1 Mpc −1 and q 0 = −0.51 ± 0.024. We find a 5 σ difference with the prediction of H 0 from Planck cosmic microwave background observations under ΛCDM, with no indication that the discrepancy arises from measurement uncertainties or analysis variations considered to date. The source of this now long-standing discrepancy between direct and cosmological routes to determining H 0 remains unknown.

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  • The H0 tension is a 5σ disagreement between the CMB Planck 2018 estimate H0=67.27±0.60 km/s/Mpc at 68% CL and the SH0ES local value H0=73.04±1.04 km/s/Mpc at 68% CL.

    “The H 0 tension is the name given to the 5σ disagreement between the CMB Planck 2018 estimate of the Hubble constant obtained by assuming a standard ΛCDM cosmological model, i.e., H 0 = 67.27± 0.60 km/s/Mpc at 68% CL [12]”

    From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [23]

    Section 4.7 (page not available in our copy) reports the SH0ES value of 73.04 ± 1.04 km/s/Mpc and a 5.0σ difference from Planck under ΛCDM. It gives the Planck value as 67.4 ± 0.5, however, not the cited 67.27 ± 0.60; it also does not specify a 68% confidence level for those figures. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Anand, G. S., Tully, R. B., Rizzi, L., Riess, A. G., & Yuan, W. 2021, arXiv:2108.00007 · arXiv
  2. Arenou, F., & Luri, X. 1999, in ASP Conf. Ser., 167, Harmonizing Cosmic Distance Scales in a Post-HIPPARCOS Era, ed. D. Egret & A. Heck (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 13
  3. Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., & Sauval, A. J. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser., 336, Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, ed. I. Barnes, G. Thomas, & F. N. Bash (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 25
  4. Brout, D., Taylor, G., Scolnic, D., et al. 2021, arXiv:2112.03864 · arXiv
  5. Carr, A., Davis, T. M., Scolnic, D., et al. 2021, arXiv:2112.01471 · arXiv
  6. Cox, A. N. 1993, in IAU Coll. 139, Convection and the Bump Cepheid Resonance (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press), 261
  7. Hahn, C., Starkenburg, T. K., Anglés-Alcázar, D., et al. 2022, ApJ, 926, 122 · DOI
  8. Hill, J. C., Calabrese, E., Aiola, S., et al. 2021, arXiv:2109.04451 · arXiv
  9. Mortsell, E., Goobar, A., Johansson, J., & Dhawan, S. 2021, arXiv:2105.11461 · arXiv
  10. Peterson, E. R., Kenworthy, W. D., Scolnic, D., et al. 2021, arXiv:2110.03487 · arXiv
  11. Schöneberg, N., Abellán, G. F., Pérez Sánchez, A., et al. 2021, arXiv:2107. 10291
  12. Scolnic, D., Brout, D., Carr, A., et al. 2021, arXiv:2112.03863 · arXiv
  13. Wielgorski, P., Pietrzynski, G., & Gieren, W. 2017, European Physical Journal Web of Conf. 152, Wide-Field Variability Surveys: A 21st Century Perspective -22nd Los Alamos Stellar Pulsation (Les Ulis: EDP Sciences), 07011
  14. Yuan, W., Macri, L. M., Riess, A., et al. 2022, ApJ, arXiv:2203.06681 · arXiv

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Authors
Riess, A. G., Yuan, W., Macri, L. M., Scolnic, D., Brout, D., Casertano, S., Jones, D. O., Murakami, Y., Anand, G. S., Breuval, L., Brink, T. G., Filippenko, A. V., Hoffmann, S., Jha, S. W., D’arcy Kenworthy, W., Mackenty, J., Stahl, B. E., & Zheng, W.
Affiliations
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
  • Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
  • University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2022-07-01
Volume
934
Issue
1
Pages
L7
ISSN
  • 2041-8205 (ISSN-L)
  • 2041-8213
DOI
10.3847/2041-8213/ac5c5b
OpenAlex
W4286702585
Cited by
2,380
References
154
Citations by year
2026: 518 · 2025: 644 · 2024: 592 · 2023: 444 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2
FWCI
185.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (1211916)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (HF2-51462.001, NASA contract NAS5-26555, GO-15640, NAS 526555, GO-15145)
  • W. M. Keck Foundation
  • California Institute of Technology
  • Adolph C. and Mary Sprague Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 26555, HF2-51462.001)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Keywords
Hubble constant, local expansion rate, Type Ia supernovae, Cepheid variable stars, SH0ES, Pantheon, Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, detached eclipsing binaries, Large Magellanic Cloud, tip of the red giant branch, cosmic distance scale, period-luminosity relation, systematic uncertainties, peculiar velocities, cosmic expansion history

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