Highly relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions: The central rapidity region
Abstract
The space-time evolution of the hadronic matter produced in the central rapidity region in extreme relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is described. We find, in agreement with previous studies, that quark-gluon plasma is produced at a temperature \ensuremath{\gtrsim}200-300 MeV, and that it should survive over a time scale \ensuremath{\gtrsim}5 fm/c. Our description relies on the existence of a flat central plateau and on the applicability of hydrodynamics.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Several experimental signatures had been associated with the formation of the QGP, and the heavy ion program at SPS focused on several of them.
“Several experimental signatures had been associated with the formation of the QGP [119, 128], and the heavy ion program at SPS focused on several of them.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [128]
Cites
Quantum chromodynamics and the theory of superdense matter
Shuryak, E. (1980) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(80)90105-2 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Superdense Matter: Neutrons or Asymptotically Free Quarks?
Collins, J. C., & Perry, M. J. (1975) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.34.1353 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
A Monte Carlo study of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature
McLerran, L., & Svetitsky, B. (1981) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90986-2 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Quark liberation at high temperature: A Monte Carlo study of SU(2) gauge theory
McLerran, L., & Benjamin Svetitsky, B. (1981) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.24.450 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Monte Carlo study of SU(2) gauge theory at finite temperature
Kuti, J., Polonyi, J., & Szlachányi, K. (1981) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90987-4 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Collected Papers of L.D. Landau
(1965) · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-01806-3 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
High temperature SU(2) gluon matter of the lattice
Engels, J., Karsch, F., Satz, H., & Montvay, I. (1981) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90497-4 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Quark model for multiparticle and inclusive reactions
Anisovich, V. V., & Shekhter, V. M. (1973) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(73)90391-x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Scales of Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Chromodynamics
Kogut, J. B., Stone, M., Wyld, H. W., Junko Shigemitsu, A., Shenker, S. H., & Sinclair, D. K. (1982) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.48.1140 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Central collisions between heavy nuclei at extremely high energies: The fragmentation region
Anishetty, R., Koehler, P. F. M., & McLerran, L. (1980) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.22.2793 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Landau's hydrodynamic model of particle production and electron-positron annihilation into hadrons
Cooper, F., Frye, G., & Schonberg, E. (1975) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.11.192 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Explosive quark matter and the "Centauro" event
Bjorken, J. D., & McLerran, L. (1979) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.20.2353 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationFirst results on complete events from p collisions at the cm energy of 540 GeV.
Alpgård, K., Ansorge, R. E., Åsman, B., Berglund, S., Berkelman, K., Bertrand, D., Böckmann, K., Booth, C. N., Buffam, C., Burow, L., et al. (1981) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90837-6 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Carruthers, P., & Duong-Van, M. (1973) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.8.859 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Stefan-Boltzmann law at high temperature for the gluon gas
Montvay, I., & Pietarinen, E. (1982) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)91024-3 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Charged particle multiplicities at the CERN SPS collider
Alpgård, K., Ansorge, R. E., Åsman, B., Berglund, S., Berkelman, K., Bertrand, D., Böckmann, K., Booth, C. N., Buffam, C., Burow, L., et al. (1981) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90838-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Direct lepton production and the Drell-Yan mechanism
Bjorken, J. D., & Weisberg, H. (1976) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.13.1405 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationThermodynamical properties of the gluon matter
Montvay, I., & Pietarinen, E. (1982) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)90817-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Phase transition ofSU(3) gauge theory at finite temperature
Kajantie, K., Montonen, C., & Pietarinen, E. (1981) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/bf01410665 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Proton-helium elastic scattering from 45 to 400 GeV
Bujak, A., Devenski, P., Kuznetsov, S. A., Morozov, B., Nikitin, V., Nomokonov, P., Pilipenko, Y. K., Smirnov, V., Jenkins, E. W., Malamud, E., et al. (1981) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.23.1895 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adams, J. R., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Badyal, S. K., Bai, Y., Balewski, J. T., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085 · Cited by 3,381 · see citing works
Adcox, K., Adler, S. S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Al-Jamel, A., Alexander, J., Amirikas, R., Aoki, K., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.086 · Cited by 3,025 · see citing works
J/ψ suppression by quark-gluon plasma formation
Matsui, T., & Satz, H. (1986) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)91404-8 · Cited by 2,912 · see citing works
Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
Arsene, I. C., Bearden, I. G., Beavis, D., Beşliu, C., Budick, B., Boggild, H., Chasman, C., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Cibor, J., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.130 · Cited by 2,256 · see citing works
The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC
Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Ballintijn, M., Barton, D. S., Becker, B., Betts, R. R., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.084 · Cited by 2,242 · see citing works
Multiphase transport model for relativistic heavy ion collisions
Lin, Z.-W., Ko, C. M., Li, B.-A., Zhang, B., & Pal, S. (2005) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.72.064901 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
Anisotropy as a signature of transverse collective flow
Ollitrault, J.-Y. (1992) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.46.229 · Cited by 1,292 · see citing works
New forms of QCD matter discovered at RHIC
Gyulassy, M., & McLerran, L. (2004) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.10.034 · Cited by 1,121 · see citing works
Romatschke, P., & Romatschke, U. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.172301 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
Abelev, B. I., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Anderson, B. D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Bai, Y., Balewski, J. T., Barannikova, O., Barnby, L. S., et al. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.79.034909 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography
Baier, R., Romatschke, P., Son, D. T., Starinets, A. O., & Stephanov, M. A. (2008) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/04/100 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Rezzolla, L., & Zanotti, O. (2013) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528906.001.0001 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holographyPreprint
Baier, R., physik, F. F., Romatschke, P., Son, D. T., Stephanov, M., & Stephanov, M. A. (2008) · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Identified charged particle spectra and yields in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV
Adler, S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alexander, J., Amirikas, R., Aphecetche, L., Aronson, S. H., Averbeck, R., et al. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.69.034909 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
How much do heavy quarks thermalize in a heavy ion collision?
Moore, G. D., & Teaney, D. A. (2005) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.71.064904 · Cited by 722 · see citing works
Intrinsic glue distribution at very small x
Jamal Jalilian-marian, B., Kovner, A., McLerran, L., & Weigert, H. (1997) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.55.5414 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high-density QCD
Kharzeev, D. E., & Nardi, M. (2001) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00457-9 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
FEMTOSCOPY IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS: Two Decades of Progress
Lisa, M. A., Pratt, S., Soltz, R. A., & Wiedemann, U. A. (2005) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.55.090704.151533 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Gyulassy, M., & Plümer, M. (1990) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)91409-5 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Capella, A., Sukhatme, U., Tan, C., & Vân, J. T. T. (1994) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(94)90064-7 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Effect of shear viscosity on spectra, elliptic flow, and Hanbury Brown–Twiss radii
Teaney, D. A. (2003) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.68.034913 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
“Bottom-up” thermalization in heavy ion collisions
Baier, R., Mueller, A. H., Schiff, D., & Son, D. T. (2001) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00191-5 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Strings, pomerons and the VENUS model of hadronic interactions at ultrarelativistic energies
Werner, K. (1993) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(93)90078-r · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Energy Loss in Perturbative QCD
Baier, R., Schiff, D., & Zakharov, B. G. (2000) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.50.1.37 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Schenke, B., Jeon, S., & Gale, C. (2010) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.82.014903 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II
Alessandro, B., Antinori, F., Belikov, J. A., Blume, C., Dainese, A., Foka, P., Giubellino, P., Hippolyte, B., Kuhn, C. C., García, G. M., et al. (2006) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/32/10/001 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RELATIVISTIC VISCOUS HYDRODYNAMICS
Romatschke, P. (2010) · International Journal of Modern Physics E · doi:10.1142/s0218301310014613 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Dissipative phenomena in quark-gluon plasmas
Danielewicz, P., & Gyulassy, M. (1985) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.31.53 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives
Nora Brambilla, A., Eidelman, S., Foka, P., Gardner, S. V., Kronfeld, A. S., Alford, M., Alkofer, R., Butenschoen, M., Cohen, T. D., Johanna Erdmenger, B., et al. (2014) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2981-5 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Enhanced J / ψ production in deconfined quark matter
Thews, R. L., Schroedter, M., & Johann Rafelski, A. (2001) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.63.054905 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Causal viscous hydrodynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Song, H., & Heinz, U. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.77.064901 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
High-energy photons from quark-gluon plasma versus hot hadronic gas
Kapusta, J., Lichard, P., & Seibert, D. (1991) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.44.2774 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Anisotropic transverse flow and the quark-hadron phase transition
Kolb, P. F., Sollfrank, J., & Heinz, U. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.62.054909 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Hirano, T., & Tsuda, K. (2002) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.66.054905 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
ZPC 1.0.1: a parton cascade for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
Zhang, B. (1998) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/s0010-4655(98)00010-1 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Why does the quark?gluon plasma at RHIC behave as a nearly ideal fluid?
Shuryak, E. (2004) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2004.02.025 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Photon and dilepton emission from the quark-gluon plasma: Some general considerations
McLerran, L., & Toimela, T. (1985) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.31.545 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Xu, Z., & Greiner, C. (2005) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.71.064901 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Mapping the phases of quantum chromodynamics with beam energy scan
Bzdak, A., Esumi, S., Koch, V., Liao, J., Stephanov, M., & Xu, N. (2020) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2020.01.005 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
First Results from Pb+Pb Collisions at the LHC
Müller, B., Schukraft, J., & Wysłouch, B. (2012) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102711-094910 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Nearly perfect fluidity: from cold atomic gases to hot quark gluon plasmas
Schäfer, T., & Teaney, D. A. (2009) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/72/12/126001 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Particle Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Tuchin, K. (2013) · Advances in High Energy Physics · doi:10.1155/2013/490495 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high density QCD
Kharzeev, D. E., & Nardi, M. (2001) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Simulating elliptic flow with viscous hydrodynamics
Dusling, K., & Teaney, D. A. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.77.034905 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Identified Particle Distributions in pp and Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV
Adams, J. R., Adler, C., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Anderson, M., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Badyal, S. K., et al. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.112301 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Relativistic Fluid Dynamics in and out of Equilibrium
Romatschke, P., & Romatschke, U. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108651998 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Charged Particle Ratio Fluctuation as a Signal for Quark-Gluon Plasma
Jeon, S., & Koch, V. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.2076 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Energy loss in perturbative QCD
Baier, R., Schiff, D., & Zakharov, B. G. (2000) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Physics of strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma
Shuryak, E. (2008) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.09.001 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Gluon production from non-Abelian Weizsäcker-Williams fields in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Kovner, A., McLerran, L., & Weigert, H. (1995) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.52.6231 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Particle interferometry for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Wiedemann, U. A., & Heinz, U. (1999) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(99)00032-0 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Lokhtin, I., & Snigirev, A. (2005) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s2005-02426-3 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Chemical and thermal freeze-out parameters from 1 A to 2 0 0 A GeV
Cleymans, J., & Redlich, K. (1999) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.60.054908 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Gravity and hydrodynamics: lectures on the fluid-gravity correspondence
Rangamani, M. (2009) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/26/22/224003 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Pion interferometry of quark-gluon plasma
Pratt, S. (1986) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.33.1314 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
New theories of relativistic hydrodynamics in the LHC era
Florkowski, W., Heller, M. P., & Spaliński, M. (2017) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aaa091 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Small System Collectivity in Relativistic Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions
Nagle, J. L., & Zajc, W. A. (2018) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-101916-123209 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Properties of hot and dense matter from relativistic heavy ion collisions
Braun‐Munzinger, P., Koch, V., Schäfer, T., & Stachel, J. (2016) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2015.12.003 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Directed and elliptic flow of charged pions and protons in Pb+Pb collisions at 40A and 158AGeV
Alt, C., Antičić, T., Baatar, B., Barna, D., Bartke, J. G., Behler, M., Betev, L., Białkowska, H., Billmeier, A., Blume, C., et al. (2003) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.68.034903 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Initial Energy Density of Gluons Produced in Very-High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
Alex Krasnitz, A., & Raju Venugopalan, B. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.4309 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Quark coalescence for charmed mesons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Greco, V., Ko, C. M., & Rapp, R. (2004) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.064 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Characteristics of Thermalization of Boost-Invariant Plasma from Holography
Heller, M. P., Janik, R. A., & Witaszczyk, P. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.201602 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Asymptotic perfect fluid dynamics as a consequence of AdS/CFT correspondence
Janik, R. A., & Peschanski, R. (2006) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.045013 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Hydrodynamics Beyond the Gradient Expansion: Resurgence and Resummation
Heller, M. P., & Spaliński, M. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.072501 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Dissipative dynamics of highly anisotropic systems
Martínez, M., & Strickland, M. T. (2010) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.08.011 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Arsene, I. C., Bearden, I. G., Beavis, D., Beşliu, C., Budick, B., Boggild, H., Chasman, C., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Cibor, J., et al. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.072305 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Causal theories of dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics for nuclear collisions
Muronga, A. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.69.034903 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
THE SEARCH FOR THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA
Harris, J. W., & Müller, B. (1996) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.71 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Hydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
Huovinen, P., & Ruuskanen, P. V. (2006) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181236 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Significance of the Fragmentation Region in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Barton, D. S., Betts, R. R., Ballintijn, M., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., Carroll, A. S., et al. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.052303 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations in central Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV
Aamodt, K., Quintana, A. A., Adamová, D., Adare, A. M., Aggarwal, M. M., Rinella, G. A., Agocs, A. G., Salazar, S. A., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, N., et al. (2010) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.12.053 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
COLLECTIVE FLOW IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS
Reisdorf, W., & Ritter, H. G. (1997) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Colour deconfinement and quarkonium binding
Satz, H. (2006) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/32/3/r01 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
The physics of the quark-gluon plasma
McLerran, L. (1986) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.58.1021 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Observable implications of geometrical and dynamical aspects of freeze-out in heavy ion collisions
Retière, F., & Lisa, M. A. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.70.044907 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
CMS Physics Technical Design Report: Addendum on High Density QCD with Heavy Ions
d’Enterria, D., Ballintijn, M., Bedjidian, M., Hofman, D. J., Kodolova, O., Loizides, C., Lokthin, I. P., Lourenço, C., Mironov, C. M., Petrushanko, S. V., et al. (2007) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/34/11/008 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Alex Krasnitz, A., & Raju Venugopalan, B. (1999) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(99)00366-1 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter
Nonaka, C., & Bass, S. A. (2007) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.75.014902 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Perfect fluidity of the quark–gluon plasma core as seen through its dissipative hadronic corona
Hirano, T., & Gyulassy, M. (2006) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.02.005 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Extremely High Multiplicities in High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
Burnett, T. H., Dake, S., Fuki, M., Gregory, J. C., Hayashi, T., Hołyński, R., Iwai, J., Jones, W. V., Jurak, A., Lord, J. J., et al. (1983) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.50.2062 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
High- p_{T} charged hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200GeV
Adler, S. S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alexander, J. M., Amirikas, R., Aphecetche, L., Aronson, S. H., Averbeck, R., et al. (2004) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.69.034910 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Higher flow harmonics from (3+1) D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
Schenke, B., Jeon, S., & Gale, C. (2012) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.85.024901 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions. I. General aspects and expansion into vacuum
Rischke, D. H., Bernard, S., & Maruhn, J. A. (1995) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(95)00355-1 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out
Bass, S. A., & Dumitru, A. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.61.064909 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Greiner, C., Koch, P., & Horst Stöcker, B. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1825 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Second-Order Dissipative Fluid Dynamics for Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions
Muronga, A. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.062302 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions
Shuryak, E. (2017) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.89.035001 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Coalescence and flow in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
Scheibl, R., & Heinz, U. (1999) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.59.1585 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Dissipative hydrodynamics and heavy-ion collisions
Baier, R., Romatschke, P., & Wiedemann, U. A. (2006) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.73.064903 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Parton equilibration in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Bíró, T. S., van Doorn, E., Müller, B., Thoma, M. H., & Wang, X.-N. (1993) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.48.1275 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Chesler, P. M., & Yaffe, L. G. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.026006 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Detailed predictions for two-pion correlations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Pratt, S., Csörgő, T., & Zimànýi, J. (1990) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.42.2646 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Symmetry constraints on generalizations of Bjorken flow
Gubser, S. S. (2010) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.82.085027 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Charged-Particle Multiplicity near Midrapidity in Central Au+Au Collisions at sNN=56 and 130GeV
Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Barton, D. S., Basilev, S. N., Bates, B., Baum, R., Betts, R. R., Białas, A., Bindel, R., Bogucki, W., et al. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.3100 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The quest for the quark–gluon plasma
Braun‐Munzinger, P., & Stachel, J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06080 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Dilepton emission and the QCD phase transition in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
Kajantie, K., Kapusta, J. I., McLerran, L., & Mekjian, A. Z. (1986) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.34.2746 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Adler, S., Afanasiev, S., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N. N., Akiba, Y., Alexander, J. M., Amirikas, R., Aphecetche, L., Aronson, S. H., Averbeck, R., et al. (2005) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.71.034908 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
J/ψ production and suppression
Vogt, R. (1999) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(98)00074-x · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Two-stage equilibration in high energy heavy ion collisions
Shuryak, E. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.68.3270 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Causality and existence of solutions of relativistic viscous fluid dynamics with gravity
Bemfica, F. S., Disconzi, M. M., & Noronha, J. L. (2018) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.98.104064 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bjorken, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bjorken, J. D.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1983-01-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 140-151
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101449797
- Cited by
- 2,796
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 92 · 2012: 96
- FWCI
- 20.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fermilab
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Nuclear physics research studies
- Keywords
- heavy-ion collisions, quark-gluon plasma, mid-rapidity, hadronic matter, space-time evolution, hydrodynamics, quark-gluon plasma temperature, quark-gluon plasma lifetime
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review