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Cited by 317High-Energy Particle Collisions ResearchQuantum Chromodynamics and Particle InteractionsParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies

THE SEARCH FOR THE QUARK-GLUON PLASMA

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Harris, John W., Müller, Berndt·1996·Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
DOI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.71
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Abstract

▪ Abstract We provide an overview of the present understanding of the transition from hadrons to a quark-gluon plasma, its signatures, and the experimental results so far. We discuss results of numerical simulations of the lattice gauge theory and critically evaluate the various observables that have been proposed as signatures of the QCD phase transition. We place the existing data from relativistic heavy-ion experiments at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) into perspective and provide an overview of the techniques and strategies that will be employed in the search for the quark-gluon plasma at heavy-ion colliders, such as the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.71

Cites

254 of 254 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Boost invariance along the longitudinal direction entails that ε, p, s, T are all functions of proper time only.

    “Boost invariance along the longitudinal direction entails that ε, p, s, T are all functions of proper time only[123, 124].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]

    The Hydrodynamic Models section (p. 8) says that, for boost-invariant initial conditions and assuming purely longitudinal expansion, temperature falls as a function of local proper time. Section 3.1 (p. 9) discusses energy density, pressure, and entropy density as thermodynamic quantities, but does not state that all four quantities depend only on proper time. The claim also omits the paper’s purely longitudinal-expansion assumption. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In this description the dynamical evolution of the fluid is obtained from the conservation laws of energy-momentum, baryon number and entropy with an equation of state p = p(ε) to close the set of equations.

    “In this description the dynamical evolution of the fluid is obtained from the conservation laws of energy-momentum, baryon number and entropy [67, 121, 124, 125] with an equation of state p = p ( ε ) to close the set of equations.”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]

    The Hydrodynamic Models section (p. 8) says that the plasma’s further evolution can be described by relativistic hydrodynamics. It does not specify conservation of energy-momentum, baryon number, and entropy as the governing equations, or say that p = p(ε) closes them; the equation-of-state discussion in §2.2 (p. 6) does not establish that use. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Under the assumption that the central region is baryon free, the conservation of entropy and energy and momentum lead to the following equations.

    “Under the assumption that the central region is baryon free, the conservation of entropy and energy and momentum lead to the following equations (for details see [67, 121, 123, 124, 125])”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]

    The Hydrodynamic Models section (p. 8) describes relativistic hydrodynamics in the central rapidity region and gives a temperature–proper-time relation for longitudinal expansion. It does not state that the region is baryon-free or derive equations from conservation of entropy and energy-momentum, so it supports the setting but not the specific derivation attributed to it. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • A simple and phenomenologically useful description is provided by Bjorken's model for longitudinal expansion.

    “Asimple and phenomenologically useful description is provided by Bjorken's model for longitudinal expansion [67, 121, 123, 124].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]

  • After the quark-gluon plasma achieves LTE, the evolution is conjectured to be described by hydrodynamic expansion.

    “After the quark-gluon plasma achieves LTE, the evolution is conjectured to be described by hydrodynamic expansion [124].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [124]

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Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. [8][8] Kolb E, Turner MS. The Early Universe (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, 1990) -
  2. [27][27] Creutz M. Quarks, Gluons and Lattices (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983) -
  3. [54][54] Blaizot JP, Ollitrault JY. Quark-Gluon Plasma ed. RC Hwa (Singapore, World Scientific, 1991) p. 393 -
  4. [56][56] Rischke DH, Gyulassy M. preprint CU-TP-706 〈 hep-ph/9509040 〉 - · arXiv
  5. [131][131] Kharzeev D, Satz H. preprint CERN-TH-95-214 〈 hep-ph/9508276 〉 - · arXiv
  6. [151][151] Kowalski KL, Taylor CC. preprint CWRUTH-92-6 (1992), 〈 hepph/9211282 〉 -
  7. [192][192] Stock R. Hot Hadronic Matter, Theory and Experiment , eds. Letessier J, Gutbrod HH, Rafelski J. (Plenum Press, New York, 1995) p. 507 -
  8. [195][195] see for example Kierstaed JA, et al. Proceedings of the Symposium on RHIC R and D eds. Makdisi Y, Stevens AJ. (Brookhaven National Laboratory Report BNL-52321, 1991) p. 215, unpublished -
  9. [207][207] Dodd J, et al. Proc. of the XXV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics Stara Lesnia, Slovakia (1995) unpublished; Seyboth P, et al. ibid. -
  10. [221][221] Braun-Munzinger P, Stachel J, Wessels JP, Xu N. preprint SUNYRHI-95-8 〈 nucl-th/9508020 〉 - · arXiv
  11. [238][238] Zajc WA. Particle Production in Highly Excited Matter eds. Gutbrod HH, Rafelski J (Plenum Press, New York, 1993) p. 435 -
  12. [239][239] Beker H, et al. Z. Phys. C64:209 (1994); Phys. Rev. Lett. in press (1995) -
  13. [257][257] Lourenco C, et al. Proc. of 5th Conference on Intersections between Particle and Nuclear Physics , St. Petersburg, FL (1994) -
  14. [260][260] Li GQ, Ko CM, Brown GE. Texas A and M Preprint (1996) -
  15. [262][262] Awes TC, et al. CERN PPE/95-186 Preprint (1995) -
  16. [267][267] Amandruz P, et al. CERN-PPE-91-198 Preprint (1991) unpublished -

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Authors
Harris, J. W., & Müller, B.
Affiliations
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
  • Duke University (US)
ORCID
Harris, John W.
Venue
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
Publisher
Annual Reviews
Published
1996-12
Volume
46
Issue
1
Pages
71-107
ISSN
  • 0163-8998 (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4134
DOI
10.1146/annurev.nucl.46.1.71
OpenAlex
W2134842761
Cited by
317
References
254
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
4.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Keywords
quark-gluon plasma, QCD phase transition, hadronization, lattice gauge theory, heavy-ion collisions, RHIC, LHC, AGS, SPS, quark-gluon plasma signatures

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