Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out
Open accessAbstract
We introduce a combined macroscopic-microscopic transport approach employing relativistic hydrodynamics for the early, dense, deconfined stage of the reaction and a microscopic nonequilibrium model for the later hadronic stage where the equilibrium assumptions are not valid anymore. Within this approach we study the dynamics of hot, bulk QCD matter, which is expected to be created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Super Proton Synchrotron, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the Large Hadron Collider. Our approach is capable of self-consistently calculating the freeze-out of the hadronic system, while accounting for the collective flow on the hadronization hypersurface generated by the QGP expansion. In particular, we perform a detailed analysis of the reaction dynamics, hadronic freeze-out, and transverse flow.
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The NA50 data reveal an abnormal suppression when the energy density is ε > 2.5 GeV/fm^3.
“This figure reveals an abnormal suppression when the energy density is ε > 2 . 5 GeV / fm 3 .”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [131]
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Creation of Strange Matter at Low Initial μ/T
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Is the explosion of a quark-gluon plasma found?
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Modeling the breakup stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
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Extracting the equation of state of nuclear matter through hydrodynamical analysis
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Baryon junction stopping at the SPS and RHIC via HIJING/B
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Mass number scaling in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions from a hydrodynamical approach
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Self-citationThermal photons as a measure for the rapidity dependence of the temperature
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Self-citationThe origin of transverse flow at the SPS
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Self-citationThermal photons as a measure for the rapidity dependence of the temperaturePreprint
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Self-citationSTOPPING POWER IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{s} =200\ {\rm AGeV}$
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Calculation of the expansion rate of the three-volume measure in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
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Self-citationChiral model for dense, hot and strange hadronic matter
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Confronting Particle Emission Scenarios with Strangeness Data
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Hadron and hadron-cluster production in a hydrodynamical model including particle evaporation
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Self-citationFinite temperature phase diagramm of QCD with improved Wilson fermions
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Probing the equation of state in Au+Au at 11 GeV/nucleon with (3+1) -dimensional hydrodynamics
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Comparing particle emission scenarios in hydrodynamics: Continuous emission vs. freeze-out
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Finite temperature phase diagram of QCD with improved Wilson fermions
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Adams, J. R., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Badyal, S. K., Bai, Y., Balewski, J. T., et al. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.03.085 · Cited by 3,381 · see citing works
Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Heinz, U., & Snellings, R. J. M. (2013) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102212-170540 · Cited by 1,326 · see citing works
New forms of QCD matter discovered at RHIC
Gyulassy, M., & McLerran, L. (2004) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.10.034 · Cited by 1,121 · see citing works
Romatschke, P., & Romatschke, U. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.172301 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
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Conformal relativistic viscous hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sNN=200 GeV
Luzum, M., & Romatschke, P. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.78.034915 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING OF HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS
GALE, C., JEON, S., & SCHENKE, B. (2013) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x13400113 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
Flow at the SPS and RHIC as a Quark-Gluon Plasma Signature
Teaney, D. A., Lauret, J., & Shuryak, E. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.4783 · Cited by 745 · see citing works
FEMTOSCOPY IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS: Two Decades of Progress
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NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RELATIVISTIC VISCOUS HYDRODYNAMICS
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Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Heinz, U., Snellings, R. J. M., Physics, S., & Physics, S. A. S. (2013) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Bernhard, J. E., Moreland, J. S., Bass, S. A., Liu, J., & Heinz, U. (2016) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.94.024907 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Self-citationHirano, T., & Tsuda, K. (2002) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.66.054905 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of quark–gluon plasma
Bernhard, J. E., Moreland, J. S., & Bass, S. A. (2019) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0611-8 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationHadronic dissipative effects on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Hirano, T., Heinz, U., Kharzeev, D. E., Lacey, R., & Yasushi Nara, B. (2006) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2006.03.060 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
Elfner, H., Steinheimer, J., Burau, G., Bleicher, M., & Horst Stöcker, B. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.78.044901 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Ryu, S., Paquet, J.-F., Shen, C., Denicol, G. S., Schenke, B., Jeon, S., & Gale, C. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.132301 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
New theories of relativistic hydrodynamics in the LHC era
Florkowski, W., Heller, M. P., & Spaliński, M. (2017) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aaa091 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
“Generally speaking, the process of decoupling is a complicated non-equilibrium process which should be studied with the help of the kinetic equations [50].”
BackgroundProperties of hot and dense matter from relativistic heavy ion collisions
Braun‐Munzinger, P., Koch, V., Schäfer, T., & Stachel, J. (2016) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2015.12.003 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
“Ideally, these distribution functions are evolved further using a hadronic transport model [202, 203], but at a minimum one has to include feed-down from hadronic resonance decays.”
BackgroundHydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
Huovinen, P., & Ruuskanen, P. V. (2006) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181236 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Niemi, H., Eskola, K., & Paatelainen, R. (2016) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.93.024907 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Werner, K., Karpenko, I., Pierog, T., Bleicher, M., & Mikhailov, K. (2010) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.82.044904 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter
Everett, D., Ke, W., Paquet, J.-F., Vujanovic, G., Bass, S. A., Du, L., Gale, C., Heffernan, M., Heinz, U., Liyanage, D., et al. (2021) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.103.054904 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationSpace-time evolution of bulk QCD matter
Nonaka, C., & Bass, S. A. (2007) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.75.014902 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationPerfect fluidity of the quark–gluon plasma core as seen through its dissipative hadronic corona
Hirano, T., & Gyulassy, M. (2006) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.02.005 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Second-Order Dissipative Fluid Dynamics for Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions
Muronga, A. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.062302 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Transverse flow and hadrochemistry in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV
Kolb, P. F., & Rapp, R. (2003) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.67.044903 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Is early thermalization achieved only near midrapidity in Au + Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV?
Hirano, T. (2001) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.65.011901 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Particlization in hybrid models
Huovinen, P., & Elfner, H. (2012) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/i2012-12171-9 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Bulk and shear viscosities of matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Bożek, P. (2010) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.81.034909 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Shear-Viscosity to Entropy-Density Ratio of a Relativistic Hadron Gas
Demir, N. S., & Bass, S. A. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.172302 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationAbelev, B. I., Adam, J., Adamová, D., Aggarwal, M. M., Agnello, M., Agostinelli, A., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, N., Ahmed, I., et al. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2015)190 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Initial state fluctuations and final state correlations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Luzum, M., & Elfner, H. (2014) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/41/6/063102 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Multistrange Baryon Elliptic Flow in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=200 GeV
Adams, J. R., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Badyal, S. K., Bai, Y., Balewski, J. T., et al. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.122301 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Midrapidity Λ and Λ¯ Production in Au+Au Collisions at sNN=130 GeV
Adler, C., Ahammed, Z., Allgower, C. E., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Anderson, M., Averichev, G. S., Balewski, J. T., Barannikova, O., Barnby, L. S., et al. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.092301 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach
Song, H., Bass, S. A., & Heinz, U. (2011) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.83.024912 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationHadron Formation in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Diagram
Becattini, F., Bleicher, M., Kollegger, T. S., Schuster, T., Steinheimer, J., & Stock, R. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.082302 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
Acharya, S., Adamová, D., Adler, A., Rinella, G. A., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Ahuja, I., et al. (2024) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12935-y · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Particle spectra in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV
Bożek, P., & Wyskiel, I. (2012) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.85.064915 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Momentum spectra, anisotropic flow, and ideal fluids
Borghini, N., & Ollitrault, J.-Y. (2006) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2006.09.062 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Hydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
Huovinen, P., & Ruuskanen, P. V. (2006) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe
Boyanovsky, D., de Vega, H. J., & Schwarz, D. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.56.080805.140539 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Viscous Hydrodynamic Predictions for Nuclear Collisions at the LHC
Luzum, M., & Romatschke, P. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.262302 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Is the analysis of flow at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron reliable?
Borghini, N., Dinh, P. M., & Ollitrault, J.-Y. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.62.034902 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions with ECHO-QGP
Zanna, L. D., Chandra, V., Inghirami, G., Rolando, V., Beraudo, A., Pace, A. D., Pagliara, G., Drago, A., & Becattini, F. (2013) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2524-5 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Integrated dynamical approach to relativistic heavy ion collisions
Hirano, T., Huovinen, P., Murase, K., & Yasushi Nara, B. (2013) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2013.02.002 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Strange Baryon Resonance Production in sNN=200 GeV p+p and Au+Au Collisions
Abelev, B. I., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Anderson, M., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Bai, Y., Balewski, J. T., et al. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.132301 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Relativistic Hydrodynamics in Heavy-Ion Collisions: General Aspects and Recent Developments
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Pion Interferometry at RHIC: Probing a Thermalized Quark-Gluon Plasma?
Soff, S., Bass, S. A., & Dumitru, A. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.3981 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationNew solutions to covariant nonequilibrium dynamics
Molnár, D., & Gyulassy, M. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.62.054907 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Eccentricity fluctuation effects on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Hirano, T., & Yasushi Nara, B. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.79.064904 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mass ordering of differential elliptic flow and its violation for ϕ mesons
Hirano, T., Heinz, U., Kharzeev, D. E., Lacey, R., & Yasushi Nara, B. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.77.044909 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Nonthermal p/π Ratio at LHC as a Consequence of Hadronic Final State Interactions
Steinheimer, J., Aichelin, J., & Bleicher, M. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.042501 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Relativistic Hydrodynamics in Heavy-Ion Collisions: General Aspects and Recent Developments
Jaiswal, A., & Roy, V. (2016) · GSI Repository (German Federal Government) · Cited by 103 · see citing works
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Fate of the initial state perturbations in heavy ion collisions. II. Glauber fluctuations and sounds
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Bulk viscosity and cavitation in boost-invariant hydrodynamic expansion
Rajagopal, K., & Tripuraneni, N. (2010) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2010)018 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“The second option is to choose a temperature just below the crossover at which to map the hydrodynamic description onto a hadronic transport code, and then let this code describe hadron-hadron interactions until the hadrons later freeze out (for example [ 28 , 29]).”
Backgroundϕ and Ω production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in a dynamical quark coalescence model
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Particle ratios at RHIC: Effective hadron masses and chemical freeze-out
Zschiesche, D., Schramm, S., Schaffner-Bielich, J., Horst Stöcker, B., & Greiner, W. (2002) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(02)02736-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Quantifying properties of hot and dense QCD matter through systematic model-to-data comparison
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Self-citation(3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion with a critical point from realistic initial conditions
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Instability of boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD-inspired bulk viscosity
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Causal viscous hydrodynamics for central heavy-ion collisions II: meson spectra and HBT radii
Romatschke, P. (2007) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-007-0354-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Becattini, F., Bleicher, M., Grossi, E., Steinheimer, J., & Stock, R. (2014) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.90.054907 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Transverse activity of kaons and deconfinement phase transition in nucleus–nucleus collisions
Gorenstein, M. I., Gaździcki, M., & Bugaev, K. A. (2003) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.06.043 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Jet quenching and the p¯≳π− anomaly in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies
Vitev, I., & Gyulassy, M. (2002) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.65.041902 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Dávid, G. (2020) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ab6f57 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Hadronization conditions in relativistic nuclear collisions and the QCD pseudo-critical line
Becattini, F., Steinheimer, J., Stock, R., & Bleicher, M. (2016) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2016.11.033 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Huovinen, P. (2008) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/i2007-10611-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Early Collective Expansion: Relativistic Hydrodynamics and the Transport Properties of QCD Matter
Heinz, U. (2010) · Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology. Group I, Elementary particles, nuclei and atoms · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01539-7_9 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Derivation of covariant dissipative fluid dynamics in the renormalization-group method
Tsumura, T., Kunihiro, T., & Ohnishi, K. (2007) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2006.12.074 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Evidence for hydrodynamic evolution in proton-proton scattering at 900 GeV
Werner, K., Karpenko, I., Pierog, T., Bleicher, M., & Mikhailov, K. (2011) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.83.044915 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Charged and strange hadron elliptic flow in Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV
Abelev, B. I., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Alakhverdyants, A. V., Alekseev, I. G., Anderson, B. D., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Balewski, J. T., Barnby, L. S., et al. (2010) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.81.044902 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity in Strongly Correlated Fluids
Schäfer, T. (2014) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025439 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bjoraker, J., & Raju Venugopalan, B. (2001) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.63.024609 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of hadronic rescattering on multistrange hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions
Takeuchi, S., Murase, K., Hirano, T., Huovinen, P., & Yasushi Nara, B. (2015) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.92.044907 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Modelling relativistic heavy-ion collisions with dynamical transport approaches
Bleicher, M., & Bratkovskaya, E. L. (2021) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2021.103920 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Elfner, H., Coleman-Smith, C. E., Bass, S. A., & Wolpert, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/38/4/045102 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationThe QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: A theory overview
Du, L., Sorensen, A., & Stephanov, M. A. (2024) · International Journal of Modern Physics E · doi:10.1142/s021830132430008x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hadronization and hadronic freeze-out in relativistic nuclear collisions
Becattini, F., Bleicher, M., Kollegger, T. S., Mitrovski, M., Schuster, T., & Stock, R. (2012) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.85.044921 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Broniówski, W., Chojnacki, M., & Obara, Ł. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.80.051902 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Schäfer, A., Karpenko, I., Wu, X.-Y., Hammelmann, J., & Elfner, H. (2022) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00872-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effective string rope model for the initial stages of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
Magas, V. K., Csernai, L. P., & Strottman, D. D. (2002) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(02)01073-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Elliptic flow of multi-strange particles: fragmentation, recombination and hydrodynamics
Nonaka, C., Fries, R. J., & Bass, S. A. (2004) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.12.034 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationParticle ratios at RHIC : effective hadron masses and chemical freeze-outPreprint
Zschiesche, D., Schramm, S., Schaffner-Bielich, J., Horst Stöcker, B., & Greiner, W. (2005) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Chatterjee, R., & Srivastava, D. K. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.79.021901 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Influence of the hadronic phase on observables in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
Steinheimer, J., Aichelin, J., Bleicher, M., & Horst Stöcker, B. (2017) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.95.064902 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Belyansky, R., Whitsitt, S., Mueller, N., Fahimniya, A., Bennewitz, E. R., Davoudi, Z., & Gorshkov, A. V. (2024) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.091903 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“The scattering proceeds in a multi-stage process and may encompass a wide range of phenomena, including the formation of exotic matter [2, 9], such as quark-gluon plasma [10, 11], thermal-ization [12, 13], fragmentation [14, 15], and hadronization [16, 17].”
BackgroundHydro-kinetic approach to relativistic heavy ion collisions
Akkelin, S. V., Hama, Y., Karpenko, I., & Sinyukov, Y. M. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.78.034906 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Steinheimer, J., Koch, V., & Bleicher, M. (2012) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.86.044903 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The quark-gluon plasma at RHIC
Heinz, U. (2003) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(03)01014-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rapid hydrodynamic expansion in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Bożek, P., & Wyskiel, I. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.79.044916 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Strange hadron production in heavy ion collisions from SPS to RHIC
Blume, C., & Markert, C. (2011) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.05.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lednicky, R. (2006) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.040 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dynamical freeze-out in three-fluid hydrodynamics
Russkikh, V. N., & Ivanov, Y. B. (2007) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.76.054907 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Emission angle dependent pion interferometry at RHIC and beyond
Heinz, U., & Kolb, P. F. (2002) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(02)02372-9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ideal hydrodynamics for bulk and multistrange hadrons in sNN=200A GeV Au-Au collisions
He, M., Fries, R. J., & Rapp, R. (2012) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.85.044911 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Elfner, H., & Bleicher, M. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.79.054904 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reconstruction of hadronization stage in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV/c
Akkelin, S. V., Braun‐Munzinger, P., & Sinyukov, Y. M. (2002) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(02)01165-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Eccentricity fluctuations in an integrated hybrid approach: Influence on elliptic flow
Elfner, H., & Bleicher, M. (2010) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.81.044906 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bass, S. A., & Dumitru, A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review C
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2000-05-22
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0556-2813 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-490X
- OpenAlex
- W2079231314
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review C (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- quark-gluon plasma, relativistic hydrodynamics, hadronization, collective flow, crossflow, ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
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