Collapsed Nuclei
Abstract
We discuss the observational consistency, possible properties, and detection of collapsed nuclei ${C}_{A}$. These may be considered as elementary particles with mass number $A>1$ and of much smaller radius than ordinary nuclei ${N}_{A}$. The existence of ${C}_{A}$ of (perhaps much) lower energy than ${N}_{A}$ is observationally consistent if ${N}_{A}$ are very long-lived isomers against collapse because of a "saturation" barrier between ${C}_{A}$ and ${N}_{A}$. Barrier-penetrability estimates show that sufficiently long lifetimes $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{10}^{31}$ sec are plausible for $A\ensuremath{\gtrsim}16\ensuremath{-}40$. The properties of ${C}_{A}$ are discussed using composite baryon and quark models; small charges and hypercharges and, especially, neutral ${C}_{A}$ are possible. ${C}_{A}$ can be effectively a source or sink of baryons. Some astrophysical implications are briefly discussed, in particular the possible large scale presence of ${C}_{A}$ and the possibility that accelerated collapse in massive objects may be a source of energy comparable to the rest mass.
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Applegate and Hogan found that a strong first-order QCD phase transition induces inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis.
“Applegate and Hogan [101] found that a strong first-order QCD phase transition induces inhomogeneous nucleosynthesis.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Bodmer, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bodmer, A. R.
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1971-09-15
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1601-1606
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4236246610
- Cited by
- 1,111
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Nuclear physics research studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astronomical and nuclear sciences
- Keywords
- exotic nuclei, nuclear isomers, barrier penetration, baryon number violation, quark model, hypercharge, astrophysical implications, massive objects, energy sources
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