The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Randomness versus Nonlocality and Entanglement
Open accessAbstract
The outcomes obtained in Bell tests involving two-outcome measurements on two subsystems can, in principle, generate up to 2 bits of randomness. However, the maximal violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality guarantees the generation of only 1.23 bits of randomness. We prove here that quantum correlations with arbitrarily little nonlocality and states with arbitrarily little entanglement can be used to certify that close to the maximum of 2 bits of randomness are produced. Our results show that nonlocality, entanglement, and randomness are inequivalent quantities. They also imply that device-independent quantum key distribution with an optimal key generation rate is possible by using almost-local correlations and that device-independent randomness generation with an optimal rate is possible with almost-local correlations and with almost-unentangled states.
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“Although non-locality or entanglement certi fi es the randomness, the three quantities, non-locality, entanglement and randomness, are not equivalent. 68”
From Quantum random number generation (2016) · cites this paper as [68]
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“Maximum randomness generation does not require maximum non-local correlation or a maximum entangled state.”
From Quantum random number generation (2016) · cites this paper as [68]
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“It is shown that 2 bits of randomness can be certi fi ed with little involvement of non-locality and entanglement. 68”
From Quantum random number generation (2016) · cites this paper as [68]
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Cites
Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories
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Self-citationRandom numbers certified by Bell’s theorem
Pironio, S., Acín, A., Massar, S., de la Giroday, A. B., Matsukevich, D. N., Maunz, P., Olmschenk, S., Hayes, D., Luo, L., Manning, T. A., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09008 · Cited by 1,420
Self-citationHidden variables, joint probability, and the Bell inequalities
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No Signaling and Quantum Key Distribution
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Notions of Quantum Theory Used in this Book
Scarani, V. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198788416.005.0003
Experimental Platforms: A Reading Guide
Scarani, V. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198788416.005.0002
Scarani, V. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198788416.005.0001
Non-Classical States of Light for Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
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NPA Hierarchy and Extremal Criterion in the Simplest Bell Scenario
Ishizaka, S. (2025) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e27020182
Violation of Svetlichny’s inequality in a system of spins j
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Paul, R., Munshi, S., & Pan, A. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/z4tp-mc5z · Cited by 3
Singlet-like correlations: equal peak work, unequal robustness
Svozil, K. (2026) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07804-4
Gauge and diffeomorphism invariance from quantum information principles
Núñez, C., Pardina, M., Asorey, M., Latorre, J. I., & Cervera-Lierta, A. (2026) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/4gyj-l8bj
Tight and Self-Testing Multipartite Quantum Bell Inequalities from the Renormalization Group.
Abiuso, P., Fischer, J., & Navascués, M. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/993r-lzzm · Cited by 1
Jia, P., Guo, F., Dong, H., Qin, S., & Gao, F. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/v1jp-167d
Measurement-incompatibility constraints for maximal randomness
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Latent splitting as a causal probe
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Analytical Steering Criterion Based on Critical Radius for any Two‐Qubit States
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All pure multipartite entangled states of qubits can be self-tested
Balanzó-Juandó, M., Coladangelo, A., Augusiak, R., Acín, A., & Šupić, I. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-70829-x · Cited by 9
Self-citationLower-bounding entanglement in a general Bell scenario
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Quantitative and optimal device-independent lower bounds on detection efficiency
Ghosal, A., Patra, S., & Bierhorst, P. (2026) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/3xdr-w3z4
Device-independent secure correlations in sequential quantum scenarios
Padovan, M., Rezzi, A., & Coccia, L. (2025) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2026-06-11-2131 · Cited by 3
Nonlocality in continuous-variable quantum networks
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Metadata
- Authors
- Acín, A., Massar, S., & Pironio, S.
- Affiliations
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2012-03-09
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 100402-100402
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W1985083346
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 15.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Keywords
- randomness generation, nonlocality, entanglement, Bell tests, CHSH inequality, device-independent quantum key distribution, device-independent randomness generation, quantum correlations
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