The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Holographic Complexity Equals Bulk Action?
Open accessAbstract
We conjecture that the quantum complexity of a holographic state is dual to the action of a certain spacetime region that we call a Wheeler-DeWitt patch. We illustrate and test the conjecture in the context of neutral, charged, and rotating black holes in anti-de Sitter spacetime, as well as black holes perturbed with static shells and with shock waves. This conjecture evolved from a previous conjecture that complexity is dual to spatial volume, but appears to be a major improvement over the original. In light of our results, we discuss the hypothesis that black holes are the fastest computers in nature.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Susskind, L. (1994) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9409089 · Cited by 4,085
Self-citationSusskind, L. (1995) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.531249 · Cited by 4,085
Self-citationMaldacena, J., Shenker, S. H., & Stanford, D. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2016)106 · Cited by 2,313
Black holes and the butterfly effect
Shenker, S. H., & Stanford, D. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2014)067 · Cited by 1,533
Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems
Hayden, P., & Preskill, J. (2007) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/120 · Cited by 1,332
Hartnoll, S. A., Herzog, C. P., & Horowitz, G. T. (2008) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/12/015 · Cited by 1,204
Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems
Bekenstein, J. D. (1981) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.23.287 · Cited by 1,182
Ultimate physical limits to computation
Lloyd, S. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35023282 · Cited by 1,120
Sekino, Y., & Susskind, L. (2008) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/065 · Cited by 1,112
Self-citationDimensional reduction in quantum gravity
Hooft, G. ’. (1993) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 1,085
Cited by
Complexity, action, and black holes
Brown, A. R., Roberts, D. A., Susskind, L., Swingle, B., & Zhao, Y. (2016) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.086006 · Cited by 640
Self-citationChaos and complexity by design
Roberts, D. A., & Yoshida, B. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2017)121 · Cited by 455
Self-citationSecond law of quantum complexity
Brown, A. R., & Susskind, L. (2018) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.086015 · Cited by 292
Self-citationComments on holographic complexity
Carmi, D., Myers, R. C., & Rath, P. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2017)118 · Cited by 292
Noether charge, black hole volume, and complexity
Couch, J., Fischler, W., & Nguyen, P. H. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2017)119 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, A. R., Roberts, D. A., Susskind, L., Swingle, B., & Zhao, Y.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2016-05-09
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 191301-191301
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W2203723895
- Cited by
- 852
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 48.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Holographic Complexity Equals Bulk Action? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1103/physrevlett.116.191301
- The paper
- Brown, A. R., Roberts, D. A., Susskind, L., Swingle, B., & Zhao, Y. (2016). Holographic Complexity Equals Bulk Action? Physical Review Letters. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.191301
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.