vanishing tassel2 Encodes a Grass-Specific Tryptophan Aminotransferase Required for Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Maize
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Auxin plays a fundamental role in organogenesis in plants. Multiple pathways for auxin biosynthesis have been proposed, but none of the predicted pathways are completely understood. Here, we report the positional cloning and characterization of the vanishing tassel2 (vt2) gene of maize (Zea mays). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that vt2 is a co-ortholog of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1), which converts Trp to indole-3-pyruvic acid in one of four hypothesized Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathways. Unlike single mutations in TAA1, which cause subtle morphological phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana, vt2 mutants have dramatic effects on vegetative and reproductive development. vt2 mutants share many similarities with sparse inflorescence1 (spi1) mutants in maize. spi1 is proposed to encode an enzyme in the tryptamine pathway for Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis, although this biochemical activity has recently been questioned. Surprisingly, spi1 vt2 double mutants had only a slightly more severe phenotype than vt2 single mutants. Furthermore, both spi1 and vt2 single mutants exhibited a reduction in free auxin levels, but the spi1 vt2 double mutants did not have a further reduction compared with vt2 single mutants. Therefore, both spi1 and vt2 function in auxin biosynthesis in maize, possibly in the same pathway rather than independently as previously proposed.
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Mutations in either one of the auxin biosynthesis genes spi1 or vt2 strongly compromise AM formation, underpinning a crucial role for local auxin biosynthesis in this process.
“Mutations in either one of these auxin biosynthesis genes strongly compromise AM formation, underpinning a crucial role for local auxin biosynthesis in this process.”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Phillips et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Phillips, K. A., Skirpan, A. L., Liu, X., Christensen, A., Slewinski, T. L., Hudson, C., Barazesh, S., Cohen, J. D., Malcomber, S., & McSteen, P.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- California State University, Long Beach (US)
- Venue
- The Plant Cell
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-02-01
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 550-566
- ISSN
- 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-298X
- PMC
- PMC3077783
- OpenAlex
- W2113820879
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 24.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Plant Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pennsylvania State University
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Keywords
- maize, tryptophan aminotransferase, auxin biosynthesis, TAA1, indole-3-pyruvic acid, vegetative growth, reproductive development, positional cloning
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Zea mays, Indoleacetic Acids, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins, Reproduction, Sequence Alignment, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, DNA, Plant, Tryptophan Transaminase
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