The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electronic journals and changes in scholarly article seeking and reading patterns
Abstract
Purpose: By tracking the information‐seeking and reading patterns of science, technology, medical and social science faculty members from 1977 to the present, this paper seeks to examine how faculty members locate, obtain, read, and use scholarly articles and how this has changed with the widespread availability of electronic journals and journal alternatives. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered using questionnaire surveys of university faculty and other researchers periodically since 1977. Many questions used the critical incident of the last article reading to allow analysis of the characteristics of readings in addition to characteristics of readers. Findings: The paper finds that the average number of readings per year per science faculty member continues to increase, while the average time spent per reading is decreasing. Electronic articles now account for the majority of readings, though most readings are still printed on paper for final reading. Scientists report reading a higher proportion of older articles from a wider range of journal titles and more articles from library e‐collections. Articles are read for many purposes and readings are valuable to those purposes. Originality/value: The paper draws on data collected in a consistent way over 30 years. It provides a unique look at how electronic journals and other developments have influenced changes in reading behavior over three decades. The use of critical incidence provides evidence of the value of reading in addition to reading patterns.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
The critical incident technique.
Flanagan, J. C. (1954) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0061470 · Cited by 8,191
Rogelberg, S. G. (2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952651.n55 · Cited by 5,309
A PRINCIPLE OF UNCERTAINTY FOR INFORMATION SEEKING
Kuhlthau, C. C. (1993) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/eb026918 · Cited by 755
AN OVERVIEW OF SENSE-MAKING RESEARCH: CONCEPTS, METHODS AND RESULTS TO DATE
Dervin, B. L. (1983) · Cited by 585
Kain, D. L. (2017) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483386874.n93 · Cited by 579
Scholarship in the digital age: information, infrastructure, and the Internet
Borgman, C. L. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-4424 · Cited by 569
Ellis, D., & Haugan, M. (1997) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/eum0000000007204 · Cited by 529
Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet
Borgman, C. L. (2007) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7434.001.0001 · Cited by 512
Communication: the Essence of Science
(1979) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-05843-4 · Cited by 440
Electronic Publication and the Narrowing of Science and Scholarship
Evans, J. A. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1150473 · Cited by 364
Use and Users of Electronic Library Resources: An Overview and Analysis of Recent Research Studies
Tenopir, C. (2003) · Zenodo · doi:10.5281/zenodo.7779277 · Cited by 361
Self-citationThe effect of use and access on citations
Kurtz, M. J., Eichhorn, G., Accomazzi, A., Grant, C. S., Demleitner, M., Henneken, E. A., & Murray, S. S. (2005) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2005.03.010 · Cited by 232
Towards Electronic Journals: Realities for Scientists, Librarians, and Publishers,,,,
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (2000) · Cited by 230
Self-citationCommunication Patterns of Engineers
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471683132 · Cited by 225
Self-citationScientific communication: Its role in the conduct of research and creation of knowledge.
Garvey, W. D., & Griffith, B. C. (1971) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0032059 · Cited by 225
The growth and number of journals
Mabe, M. A. (2003) · Serials The Journal for the Serials Community · doi:10.1629/16191 · Cited by 183
First 20 precision among World Wide Web search services (search engines)
Leighton, H. V., & Srivastava, J. (1999) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(1999)50:10 · Cited by 158
Electronic journals, the Internet, and scholarly communication
Kling, R., & Callahan, E. (2003) · Annual Review of Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/aris.1440370105 · Cited by 144
Patterns of Journal Use by Scientists through Three Evolutionary Phases
Tenopir, C., King, D. W., Boyce, P., Grayson, M., Zhang, Y., & Ebuen, M. (2003) · D-Lib Magazine · doi:10.1045/may2003-king · Cited by 143
Self-citationCommunication in the Physical and the Social Sciences
Garvey, W. D., Lin, N., & Nelson, C. E. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.170.3963.1166 · Cited by 140
Growth dynamics of scholarly and scientific journals
Mabe, M. A., & Amin, M. (2001) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1023/a:1010520913124 · Cited by 139
Reading behaviour and electronic journals
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (2002) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1087/095315102760319215 · Cited by 129
Self-citationSchauder, D. (1994) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199403)45:2 · Cited by 128
Scientific Information Exchange in Psychology
Garvey, W. D., & Griffith, B. C. (1964) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.146.3652.1655 · Cited by 119
Trends in Scientific Scholarly Journal Publishing in the United States
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (1997) · Journal of Scholarly Publishing · doi:10.3138/jsp-028-03-135 · Cited by 113
Self-citationVariations in Article Seeking and Reading Patterns of Academics: What Makes a Difference?
Tenopir, C., King, D. W., Spencer, J., & Wu, L. (2009) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2009.02.002 · Cited by 108
Self-citationThe NASA Astrophysics Data System: Overview
Kurtz, M. J., Eichhorn, G., Accomazzi, A., Grant, C. S., Murray, S. S., & Watson, J. M. (2000) · Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series · doi:10.1051/aas:2000170 · Cited by 105
Relying on electronic journals: Reading patterns of astronomers
Tenopir, C., King, D. W., Boyce, P., Grayson, M., & Paulson, K.-L. (2005) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20167 · Cited by 88
Self-citationPatterns of Journal Use by Faculty at Three Diverse Universities
King, D. W., Tenopir, C., Montgomery, C. H., & Aerni, S. E. (2003) · D-Lib Magazine · doi:10.1045/october2003-king · Cited by 86
Self-citationElectronic journals and user behavior: A review of recent research
ROWLANDS, I. H. (2007) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2007.03.005 · Cited by 79
The NASA Astrophysics Data System: Overview
Kurtz, M. J., Eichhorn, G., Accomazzi, A., Grant, C. S., Murray, S. S., & Watson, J. M. (2000) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/aas:2000170/pdf · Cited by 79
From Print to Electronic: The Transformation of Scientific Communication
Crawford, S., Hurd, J. M., & Weller, A. C. (1997) · Cited by 78
Maughan, P. D. (1999) · The Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.1016/s0099-1333(99)80054-8 · Cited by 73
Scientific journals in the United States : their production, use, and economics
King, D. W., McDonald, D. D., & Roderer, N. K. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 72
Self-citationSpecial libraries : increasing the information edge
Griffiths, J.-M., & King, D. W. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 71
Self-citationJournal reading patterns and preferences of pediatricians
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.17615/m9g9-ah03 · Cited by 67
Using and Reading Scholarly Literature.
King, D. W., & Tenopir, C. (1999) · Cited by 64
Self-citationRadford, M. L. (2006) · Library trends · doi:10.1353/lib.2006.0051 · Cited by 63
How Electronic Journals Are Changing Patterns of Use
Boyce, P., King, D. W., Montgomery, C. H., & Tenopir, C. (2004) · The Serials Librarian · doi:10.1300/j123v46n01_14 · Cited by 63
Self-citationDillon, I. F., & Hahn, K. L. (2002) · portal Libraries and the Academy · doi:10.1353/pla.2002.0053 · Cited by 60
Brown, C. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.10223 · Cited by 57
Buckingham Shum, S. (2000) · Journal of Interactive Media in Education · doi:10.5334/book-tenopir · Cited by 55
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (2007) · Serials The Journal for the Serials Community · doi:10.1629/20199 · Cited by 51
Self-citationLawal, I. O. (2002) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.5062/f4057cwp · Cited by 50
Mapping the journal publishing landscape: how much do we know?
Morris, S. (2007) · Learned Publishing · doi:10.1087/095315107x239654 · Cited by 46
Measuring Total Reading of Journal Articles
King, D. W., Tenopir, C., & Clarke, M. (2006) · D-Lib Magazine · doi:10.1045/october2006-king · Cited by 45
Self-citationThe Critical Incident Technique in Library and Information Management Research
Fisher, S., & Oulton, T. (1999) · Education for Information · doi:10.3233/efi-1999-17203 · Cited by 44
Uses, Value, and Benefits of Knowledge
Machlup, F. (1993) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/107554709301400407 · Cited by 43
How, What, and Why Science Faculty Read
Belefant‐Miller, H., & King, D. W. (2000) · Science & Technology Libraries · doi:10.1300/j122v19n02_08 · Cited by 41
Self-citationEnd-User Acceptance of Electronic Journals
Tenner, E., & Yang, Z. (2000) · Technical Services Quarterly · doi:10.1300/j124v17n02_01 · Cited by 41
Vakkari, P. (2008) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20769 · Cited by 38
The use and value of scientific journals: past, present and future
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (2001) · Serials The Journal for the Serials Community · doi:10.1629/14113 · Cited by 35
Self-citationHuman factors of journal usage and design of electronic texts
Dillon, A. P., Richardson, J. H., & McKnight, C. (1989) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/0953-5438(89)90025-8 · Cited by 35
King, D. W., Boyce, P., Montgomery, C. H., & Tenopir, C. (2003) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) · Cited by 34
Self-citationLawal, I. O. (2002) · Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship · doi:10.29173/istl1918 · Cited by 34
A manual on the evaluation of information centers and services
Barr, N. E. (1993) · The Journal of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.1016/0099-1333(93)90804-e · Cited by 27
E-journal Acceptance at Colorado State University
Cochenour, D., & Moothart, T. (2003) · Serials Review · doi:10.1016/s0098-7913(02)00267-8 · Cited by 23
Trends in the use of digital libraries by scientists in 2000‐2005: A case study of finelib
Vakkari, P. (2006) · Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/meet.1450430132 · Cited by 21
Dimensions and use of the scholarly information environment : introduction to a data set
Friedlander, A. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 18
5 – The growth of journals publishing
Tenopir, C., & King, D. W. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-84334-416-2.50005-7 · Cited by 17
Self-citationUse of astronomical literature—A report on usage patterns
Henneken, E. A., Kurtz, M. J., Accomazzi, A., Grant, C. S., Thompson, D., Bohlen, E., & Murray, S. S. (2008) · Journal of Informetrics · doi:10.1016/j.joi.2008.10.001 · Cited by 16
Friedlander, A., & Bessette, R. S. (2003) · Cited by 15
Electronic or print: Are scholarly journals still important?
Tenopir, C. (2002) · Serials The Journal for the Serials Community · doi:10.1629/15111 · Cited by 12
Self-citationE-journal Acceptance at Colorado State University
Cochenour, D., & Moothart, T. (2003) · Serials Review · doi:10.1080/00987913.2003.10764785 · Cited by 10
New technology and the reading process
Dillon, A. P. (1991) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Andrews, J. (1991), “The use of the critical incident research technique in an academic library”, Library & Information Research News, Vol. 14 No. 50, pp. 22‐7.
- Cakir, A., Hart, D.J. and Stewart, T.F.M. (1980), Visual Display Terminals, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
- Dervin, B. (1992), “From the mind's eye of the ‘user’: the sense‐making qualitative‐quantitative methodology”, in Glazier, J.D. and Powell, R.R. (Eds), Qualitative Research in Information Management, Libraries Unlimited, Englewood, CO, pp. 61‐84.
- Meadows, A.J. (1998), Communicating Research, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
- Tenopir, C. (2003b), “Electronic publishing: research issues for librarians and users”, Library Trends, Vol. 51 No. 4, pp. 614‐35.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Open access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing
Davis, P. M. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-183988 · Cited by 317
The impact of free access to the scientific literature: a review of recent research
Davis, P. M., & Walters, W. H. (2011) · Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA · doi:10.3163/1536-5050.99.3.008 · Cited by 205
Use of social networks for academic purposes: a case study
Nández, G., & Borrego, A. (2013) · The Electronic Library · doi:10.1108/el-03-2012-0031 · Cited by 155
Research Handbook of Expatriates
Hutchings, K., & Michailova, S. (2017) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781784718183 · Cited by 131
When are readership counts as useful as citation counts? S copus versus M endeley for LIS journals
Maflahi, N., & Thelwall, M. A. (2015) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.23369 · Cited by 128
Metadata
- Authors
- Tenopir, C., King, D. W., Edwards, S., & Wu, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- ORCID
- Tenopir, Carol
- Venue
- Aslib Proceedings
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2009-01-16
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-32
- ISSN
- 0001-253X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135649938
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 86.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Aslib Journal of Information Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Collection Development and Digital Resources
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Information
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Information Literacy
- Keywords
- electronic journals, information seeking, reading patterns, university faculty, critical incident technique, reading time
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review