Law enforcement suicide: a review

Violanti, John M.; Owens, Sherry L.; McCanlies, Erin; Fekedulegn, Desta; Andrew, Michael E.

doi:10.1108/pijpsm-05-2017-0061

Cited by 104Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesPolicing Practices and PerceptionsStress and Burnout Research

Law enforcement suicide: a review

Violanti, John M., Owens, Sherry L., McCanlies, Erin, Fekedulegn, Desta, Andrew, Michael E.·2019·Policing An International Journal

DOI 10.1108/pijpsm-05-2017-0061

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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of law enforcement suicide research from 1997 to 2016. Design/methodology/approach The PRISMA systematic review methodology was implemented. A SCOPUS search identified a total of 97 documents. After applying all exclusion criteria, the results included a list of 44 articles in the review. Findings Overall, studies investigating law enforcement suicide rates show conflicting results, with some studies showing lower suicide rates among law enforcement, some showing higher rates, and some showing no difference to comparison populations. Recurring research themes were lack of an appropriate comparison group, and small statistical power, particularly for minority and female officers. Stressors related to suicide among police included lack of organizational support, traumatic events, shift work, stigma associated with asking for help, or problems associated with fitting in with the police culture. Problems associated with domestic relationships and alcohol use were commonly mentioned as precursors to suicide or as correlates of suicidal ideation and were hypothesized to arise from stressful working conditions. Research limitations/implications Some limitations in law enforcement suicide research include the lack of theory, under-reporting of suicides, and guarded survey responses from police officers. Future directions in police suicide research include investigating etiological factors such as past adverse life and family experiences, social-ecological variation in suicide, or differences in suicide rates within the law enforcement occupation. Practical implications Police work, given chronic and traumatic stress, lack of support, danger, and close public scrutiny is a fertile occupation for increased suicide risk. Awareness of the scope of the problem and associated risk factors can help to initiate prevention programs. Originality/value This paper provides a long-term review of literature regarding police suicidality, with suggestions for research and prevention.

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Stressors underlying these problems are linked with elevated rates of occupational burnout, physical health problems such as cardiovascular disease, suicide risk, and greater all-cause mortality.
“Stressors underlying these problems are also linked with elevated rates of occupational burnout, physical health problems such as cardiovascular disease, suicide risk, and greater all-cause mortality”
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Authors: Violanti, J. M., Owens, S. L., McCanlies, E., Fekedulegn, D., & Andrew, M. E.
Affiliations: University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice (US)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
ORCID: Violanti, John M.
McCanlies, Erin
Fekedulegn, Desta
Andrew, Michael E.
Venue: Policing An International Journal
Publisher: Emerald
Published: 2019-04-08
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 141-164
ISSN: 1363-951X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1108/pijpsm-05-2017-0061
OpenAlex: W2801173806
Cited by: 104
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 10.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.emerald.com/insight/site-policies (tdm)
Locations: Policing An International Journal (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
Keywords: police suicide, suicidal ideation, suicide risk factors, occupational stress, organizational support, help-seeking stigma, police culture, domestic relations, alcohol consumption, suicide prevention, women officers, shift work, traumatic events

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