Post-traumatic stress symptoms in an elite unit of Brazilian police officers: prevalence and impact on psychosocial functioning and on physical and mental health
Abstract
Background Frequent exposure to traumatic situations put police officers under an increased risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goals of this study were to determine the current prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Brazilian police officers and to compare groups with and without PTSS in terms of associated morbidity.Methods Police officers from an elite unit (n=157) were asked to fill out a socio-demographic questionnaire, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version. The latter's scores were used to establish the diagnoses of "full PTSD" and of "partial PTSD".Results Prevalence rates of "full PTSD" and "partial PTSD" were 8.9% and 16%, respectively. Compared with the "no PTSD" group, police officers with "full PTSD" were five times more likely to be divorced (21.6% vs. 4.3%, p=0.008), felt that their physical health was poorer (64.3% vs. 6%, p<0.001), had more medical consultations during the last 12 months [2.00 (+/-1.62) vs. 1.09 (+/-1.42), p=0.03] and reported more often lifetime suicidal ideation (35.7% vs. 5.2%, p=0.002).Limitations The sample was relatively small. A screening tool was employed instead of a semi-structured interview. The cross-sectional design is unsuitable for ascertaining cause-effect relations.Conclusions PTSD prevalence in our sample was comparable to those reported for North American and Dutch policemen. The presence of "full PTSD" was associated with evidences of considerable morbidity. These findings may contribute to the development of effective policies aimed at the prevention and treatment of PTSD in law enforcement agents.
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Estimates suggest up to one-third of emergency responders develop PTSD.
“estimates of up to one-third of emergency responders develop posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD; (1, 5, 11–13)].”
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PSP have also reported high rates of mental health problems in other countries.
“PSP have also reported high rates of mental health problems in other countries [12-14].”
From Initial Outcomes of Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Tailored to Public Safety Personnel: Longitudinal Observational Study (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
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LeBlanc, V. R., Regehr, C., Jelley, R. B., & Barath, I. (2007) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31811f4481 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Minayo, M. C. D. S., & Adorno, S. (2013) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/s1413-81232013000300002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Mrevlje, T. P. (2018) · Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach · doi:10.1027/1192-5604/a000097 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a brazilian military police population
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- Authors
- Maia, D. B., Marmar, C. R., Metzler, T., Nóbrega, A., Berger, W., Mendlowicz, M. V., Coutinho, E. S. F., & Figueira, I.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Maia, Deborah B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 241-245
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086766222
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH56350-01A1, R01MH056350)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic stress symptoms, police officers, law enforcement officers, PTSD prevalence, suicidal ideation, physical health, psychosocial functioning, marital status, PTSD screening, occupational trauma exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Brazil, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Occupational Diseases, Personality Inventory, Referral and Consultation, Social Adjustment, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Suicide, Urban Population, Comorbidity, Police
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