Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, inspired by the plenary panel at the 2013 meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Dr. Steven Southwick (chair) and multidisciplinary panelists Drs. George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda tackle some of the most pressing current questions in the field of resilience research including: (1) how do we define resilience, (2) what are the most important determinants of resilience, (3) how are new technologies informing the science of resilience, and (4) what are the most effective ways to enhance resilience? These multidisciplinary experts provide insight into these difficult questions, and although each of the panelists had a slightly different definition of resilience, most of the proposed definitions included a concept of healthy, adaptive, or integrated positive functioning over the passage of time in the aftermath of adversity. The panelists agreed that resilience is a complex construct and it may be defined differently in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures. With regard to the determinants of resilience, there was a consensus that the empirical study of this construct needs to be approached from a multiple level of analysis perspective that includes genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, cultural, economic, and social variables. The empirical study of determinates of resilience will inform efforts made at fostering resilience, with the recognition that resilience may be enhanced on numerous levels (e.g., individual, family, community, culture).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Greater resilience serves as a protective mechanism against trauma-related disorders.
“Empirical studies have shown that greater resilience serves as a protective mechanism against trauma-related disorders (19).”
From Coping strategies and psychological outcomes following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a systematic review with meta-analytic synthesis (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The Discussion ('What are the most effective ways to enhance resilience?'; page unavailable) describes fostering resilience and allowing children's protective systems to emerge, which supports a general protective role. But the panel discourse ('Resilience may co-occur with PTSD'; page unavailable) says people with PTSD may be just as resilient as those without it. The paper does not establish the citing sentence's stronger claim that empirical studies have shown greater resilience to protect against trauma-related disorders. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferences in measurement and conceptualization can generate variation in observed effect sizes even when the underlying constructs are theoretically related.
“Such differences in measurement and conceptualization can generate variation in observed effect sizes even when the underlying constructs are theoretically related (19).”
From Coping strategies and psychological outcomes following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a systematic review with meta-analytic synthesis (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
In the Panel discourse section on contextual and cultural considerations (page unavailable), Dr. Masten says that choosing different criteria for adaptive function yields different understandings of which protective factors matter. This supports the general point that conceptualization affects findings, but the paper does not say that measurement differences generate variation in observed effect sizes for theoretically related constructs. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResilience can be context-dependent, such that its definition varies across individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures.
“Resilience can be context-dependent, such that its definition varies in the context of individuals, families, organizations, societies, and cultures (Southwick et al., 2014).”
From Resilience following severe early life neglect: A review of longitudinal evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2026) · cites this paper as Southwick et al., 2014
Resilience is an important factor that enables individuals to adapt to and recover from emotionally, physically, and psychologically distressing situations and trauma.
“Resilience has been identified as an important factor that enables individuals adapt to and recover from emotionally, physically, and psychologically distressing situations and trauma [17,20].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943 · see citing works
Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development.
Masten, A. S. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.227 · Cited by 8,497 · cited 1× · see citing works
“I have argued in the past (Masten, 2001) that there are fundamental adaptive systems that have come down to us through biological and cultural evolution and these are constantly being created and constantly changing.”
Self-citationBonanno, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.1.20 · Cited by 6,851 · see citing works
Self-citationCommunity Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness
Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6 · Cited by 5,476 · see citing works
Cumulative risk and child development.
Evans, G. W., Li, D., & Whipple, S. S. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0031808 · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Ungar, M. T. (2006) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcl343 · Cited by 1,906 · see citing works
Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth
Masten, A. S. (2014) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12205 · Cited by 1,710 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulatory Flexibility: An Individual Differences Perspective on Coping and Emotion Regulation
Bonanno, G. A., & Burton, C. L. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691613504116 · Cited by 1,676 · see citing works
Self-citationFive Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid–Term Mass Trauma Intervention: Empirical Evidence
Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., Friedman, M., Gersons, B. P. R., de Jong, J. T. V. M., Layne, C. M., et al. (2007) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283 · Cited by 1,654 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A., Brewin, C. R., Kaniasty, K., & Greca, A. M. L. (2010) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100610387086 · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience to loss and potential trauma
Bonanno, G. A., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. D. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Self-citationRusso, S. J., Murrough, J. W., Han, M.-H., Charney, D. S., & Nestler, E. J. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3234 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
The Psychobiology of Depression and Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Self-citationOrdinary magic: resilience in development
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.187892 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Child Development in the Context of Disaster, War, and Terrorism: Pathways of Risk and Resilience
Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2011) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Social Ecology of Resilience
Ungar, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3 · Cited by 1,033 · see citing works
Masten, A. S. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000198 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Self-citationBonanno, G. A., Papa, A., Lalande, K., Westphal, M., & Coifman, K. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00705.x · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Self-citationThe science of resilience: implications for the prevention and treatment of depression
Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1222942 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Self-citationAnnual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development?
Ungar, M. T., Ghazinour, M., & Richter, J. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12025 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Measuring Capacities for Community Resilience
Sherrieb, K., Norris, F. H., & Galea, S. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9576-9 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Handbook of PTSD: Science and Practice
Bisson, J. I. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07121921 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Resilience under conditions of extreme stress: a multilevel perspective
Cicchetti, D. (2010) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00297.x · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A., & Diminich, E. D. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12021 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Self-citationCicchetti, D. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Looking for resilience: Understanding the longitudinal trajectories of responses to stress
Norris, F. H., Tracy, M., & Galea, S. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.043 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Reed, R. V., Fazel, M. S., JONES, L. M., Panter‐Brick, C., & Stein, A. L. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60050-0 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Self-citationTol, W. A., Song, S., & Jordans, M. J. D. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12053 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139013857 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationKaram, E. G., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E. D., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., Sampson, L., Shahly, V., Angermeyer, M. C., Bromet, E. J., et al. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22169 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941200003x · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Self-citationSuffering, hope, and entrapment: Resilience and cultural values in Afghanistan
Eggerman, M., & Panter‐Brick, C. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.023 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationBonanno, G. A., Mancini, A. D., Horton, J. L., Powell, T. M., LeardMann, C. A., Boyko, E. J., Wells, T. S., Hooper, T. I., Gackstetter, G. D., Smith, T. C., et al. (2012) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096552 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationDisasters and youth: A meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress.
Furr, J. M., Comer, J. S., Edmunds, J. M., & Kendall, P. C. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021482 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Trajectories of resilience, depression, and anxiety following spinal cord injury.
Bonanno, G. A., Kennedy, P., Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Lude, P., & Elfström, M. L. (2012) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029256 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationStrengthening Family Resilience
Cannon, W. C. (2008) · American Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1080/01926180701290867 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Psychopathology and resilience following traumatic injury: A latent growth mixture model analysis.
deRoon‐Cassini, T. A., Mancini, A. D., Rusch, M. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2010) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018601 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationYehuda, R., Daskalakis, N. P., Desarnaud, F., Makotkine, I., Lehrner, A. L., Koch, E., Flory, J. D., Buxbaum, J. D., Meaney, M. J., & Bierer, L. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00118 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Self-citationEnriched childhood experiences moderate age-related motor and cognitive decline
Metzler, M. J., Saucier, D. M., & Metz, G. A. S. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00001 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Strengthening family resilience, 2nd ed.
Walsh, F. W. (2006) · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Dimitry, L. (2011) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01246.x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Uses and abuses of the resilience construct: Loss, trauma, and health-related adversities
Bonanno, G. A. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.022 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Self-citationChild and Family Resilience: A Call for Integrated Science, Practice, and Professional Training
Masten, A. S., & Monn, A. R. (2015) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12103 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationLoss,Trauma and Human Resilience
Luo, X. (2009) · Medicine & Philosophy(Humanistic & Social Medicine Edition) · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Editorial Commentary: Resilience in child development – interconnected pathways to wellbeing
Panter‐Brick, C., & Leckman, J. F. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12057 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationDisasters and Their Impact on Child Development: Introduction to the Special Section
Masten, A. S., & Osofsky, J. D. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01452.x · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
(1960) · Nature · doi:10.1038/186935d0 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
YEHUDA, R., FLORY, J. D., SOUTHWICK, S., & CHARNEY, D. S. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.028 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience and Mental Health: Challenges Across the Lifespan
(2011) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994791 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Resilience and Mental Health: Challenges Across the Lifespan
Masten, A. S., Monn, A. R., & Supkoff, L. M. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationBecvar, D. S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Health, Risk, and Resilience: Interdisciplinary Concepts and Applications
Panter‐Brick, C. (2014) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-025944 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationKaratsoreos, I. N., & McEwen, B. S. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12054 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Pietrzak, R. H., & Southwick, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.028 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationCaregiver—child mental health: a prospective study in conflict and refugee settings
Panter‐Brick, C., Grimon, M., & Eggerman, M. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12167 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience: The Science of Mastering Life's Greatest Challenges
Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2012) · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding Culture, Resilience, and Mental Health: The Production of Hope
Panter‐Brick, C., & Eggerman, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0586-3_29 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationMental Health and Childhood Adversities: A Longitudinal Study in Kabul, Afghanistan
Panter‐Brick, C., Goodman, A., Tol, W. A., & Eggerman, M. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.12.001 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors associated with resilience in healthy adults
Simeon, D., Yehuda, R., Cunill, R., Knutelska, M., Putnam, F. W., & Smith, L. M. (2007) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.08.005 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationAdolescents and War: How Youth Deal with Political Violence
Barber, B. K. (2008) · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Differentiating biological correlates of risk, PTSD, and resilience following trauma exposure
Yehuda, R., & Flory, J. D. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20260 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationTheron, L. C., Liebenberg, L., & Ungar, M. T. (2014) · Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9415-2 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Prospective Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress in College Women Following a Campus Mass Shooting
Orcutt, H. K., Bonanno, G. A., Hannan, S. M., & Miron, L. R. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21914 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience and measured gene–environment interactions
Kim-Cohen, J., & Turkewitz, R. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000715 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Realizing the Potential of Immigrant Youth
Masten, A. S. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139094696 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationTrauma memories, mental health, and resilience: a prospective study of Afghan youth
Panter‐Brick, C., Grimon, M., Kalin, M., & Eggerman, M. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12350 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation(2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343359.001.0001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Academic Risk and Resilience in the Context of Homelessness
Masten, A. S., Cutuli, J. J., Herbers, J. E., Hinz, E., Obradović, J., & Wenzel, A. J. (2014) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12088 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationGalatzer-Levy, I. R., Bonanno, G. A., Bush, D. E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00055 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Child Development Perspectives
(2026) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/(issn)1750-8606 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Growing up in the shadow of terrorism: Youth in America after 9/11.
Eisenberg, N., & Silver, R. C. (2011) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0024619 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Children and Youth in Crisis: Protecting and Promoting Human Development in Times of Economic Shocks
Lundberg, M., & Wuermli, A. J. (2012) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9547-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Development and Psychopathology
Yorke, C., Wiseberg, S., & Freeman, T. P. (1989) · Yale University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt2250wg7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Risk and resilience in development and psychopathology: The legacy of Norman Garmezy
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000016 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationLundberg, M., & Wuermli, A. J. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.1956/978-0-8213-9547-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Hurricane Katrina and the Gulf Oil Spill
Osofsky, H. J., & Osofsky, J. D. (2013) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2013.05.009 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
(2014) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262027984.001.0001 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Using biological markers to inform a clinically meaningful treatment response
Yehuda, R., Bierer, L. M., Pratchett, L. C., & Pelcovitz, M. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05698.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationClimate and disaster resilience : the role for Community-Driven Development (CDD)
Arnold, M., Mearns, R., Oshima, K., & Prasad, V. (2014) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 80 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise
Masten, A. S. (2018) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12255 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
Self-citationReview: Mental health impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children and youth – a systematic review
Samji, H., Wu, J., Ladak, A., Vossen, C., Stewart, E., Dove, N., Long, D., & Snell, G. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12501 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
“…outcome, and defined as an individual’s ability to cope with a crisis mentally or emotionally; to move forward in a positive manner despite adversity; or to adapt successfully to a pandemic that threatens their viability, function, or development (de Terte & Stephens, 2014; Southwick et al., 2014).”
BackgroundThe impact of resilience among older adults
MacLeod, S., Musich, S. A., Hawkins, K., Alsgaard, K., & Wicker, E. R. (2016) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.02.014 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Greenberg, D. M., DiDomenico, G. E., Brown, L. A., White, L. K., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00982-4 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A., Romero, S. A., & Klein, S. I. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.992677 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience and Big Five personality traits: A meta-analysis
Oshio, A., Taku, K., Hirano, M., & Saeed, G. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.048 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Toward a psychological framework of radical healing in communities of color
French, B. H., Lewis, J. A., Mosley, D. V., Adames, H. Y., Chavez-Dueñas, N. Y., Chen, G. A., & Neville, H. A. (2020) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000019843506 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF RESILIENCE THEORY AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR SOCIAL WORK
van Breda, A. D. P. (2018) · Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk · doi:10.15270/54-1-611 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Towards a Transversal Definition of Psychological Resilience: A Literature Review
Sisto, A., Vicinanza, F., Campanozzi, L. L., Ricci, G., Tartaglini, D., & Tambone, V. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55110745 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Systemic resilience: principles and processes for a science of change in contexts of adversity
Ungar, M. T. (2018) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-10385-230434 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
How does social support enhance resilience in the trauma-exposed individual?
Sippel, L. M., Pietrzak, R. H., Charney, D. S., Mayes, L. C., & Southwick, S. M. (2015) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-07832-200410 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationNurse resilience: A concept analysis
Cooper, A. L., Brown, J. A., Rees, C. S., & Leslie, G. D. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12721 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
“Most people are exposed to one or more life-threatening experiences (Southwick et al., 2014) as well as regular stressors throughout their lifetime (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2013; Southwick et al.”
BackgroundCicchetti, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033259 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Barua, Z., Barua, S., Aktar, S., Kabir, N., & Li, M. (2020) · Progress in Disaster Science · doi:10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100119 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
“[65] noted that different factors such as biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors interact with each other as the determinants of resilience to distinguish how one reacts to stressful experiences.”
Paredes, M. R., Apaolaza, V., Fernandez-Robin, C., Hartmann, P., & Yañez-Martinez, D. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110455 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
“Resilience has been acknowledged as a complex construct since it can be viewed as a trait, a process, or an outcome (Agaibi & Wilson, 2005), which may be determined by different biological, cultural, social, and psychological factors that regulate how individuals cope with stressful events at different situations acro…”
Vella, S., & Pai, N. B. (2019) · Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/amhs.amhs_119_19 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Fritz, J., de Graaff, A. M., Caisley, H., van Harmelen, A., & Wilkinson, P. O. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00230 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Denckla, C. A., Cicchetti, D., Kubzansky, L. D., Seedat, S., Teicher, M. H., Williams, D. R., & Koenen, K. C. (2020) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1822064 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
“For example, should resilience only be considered as observable in the aftermath of a specific trauma, given that stressors are nearly ubiquitous in everyday living? Alternatively, should resilience be considered only an individual factor, or more powerfully at the social and policy level? Similar to conclusions glean…”
BackgroundResultPsychotherapies for PTSD: what do they have in common?
Schnyder, U., Ehlers, A., Elbert, T., Foa, E. B., Gersons, B. P. R., Resick, P. A., Shapiro, F., & Cloitre, M. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.28186 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Resilience and mental health nursing: An integrative review of international literature
Foster, K., Roche, M., Delgado, C., Cuzzillo, C., Giandinoto, J., & Furness, T. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12548 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Advancing resilience: An integrative, multi-system model of resilience
Liu, J. J. W., Reed, M. J., & Girard, T. A. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.007 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
What is resilience: an affiliative neuroscience approach
Feldman, R. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20729 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Resilience as a multimodal dynamic process
Stainton, A., Chisholm, K., Kaiser, N., Rosen, M., Upthegrove, R., Ruhrmann, S., & Wood, S. J. (2019) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12726 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Employee resilience: Directions for resilience development.
Kuntz, J., Malinen, S. K., & Näswall, K. (2017) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/cpb0000097 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
The Biology of Human Resilience: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience Across the Life Span
Feder, A., Fred-Torres, S., Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.012 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citationResilience in developing systems: the promise of integrated approaches
Masten, A. S. (2016) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2016.1147344 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citationGallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., & Phillips, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22882 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Walking on sunshine: Scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health
Kelly, P., Williamson, C., Niven, A. G., Hunter, R., Mutrie, N., & Richards, J. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098827 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Employee resilience: development and validation of a measure
Näswall, K., Malinen, S. K., Kuntz, J., & Hodliffe, M. (2019) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-02-2018-0102 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Resilience in Development: Progress and Transformation
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy406 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk and Protective Factors for Child Maltreatment: a Review
Austin, A. E., Lesak, A. M., & Shanahan, M. E. (2020) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-020-00252-3 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“Most research has examined individual level factors that are associated with resilience (i.e., positive adaptation 54 ) following experiences of maltreatment 55–57 rather than individual level factors that prevent maltreatment from occurring.”
Comprehensive meta-analysis of resilience interventions.
Liu, J., Ein, N., Gervasio, J., Battaion, M., Reed, M., & Vickers, K. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101919 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Realizing resilience for decision-making
Grafton, R. Q., Doyen, L., Béné, C., Borgomeo, E., Brooks, K., Chu, L., Cumming, G. S., Dixon, J., Dovers, S. R., Garrick, D. E., et al. (2019) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0376-1 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Understanding resilience: New approaches for preventing and treating PTSD
Horn, S. R. G.-V., Charney, D. S., & Feder, A. (2016) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.002 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Rosenberg, A. R., Bradford, M. C., McCauley, E., Curtis, J. R., Wolfe, J., Baker, K. S., & Yi‐Frazier, J. P. (2018) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31666 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Panter‐Brick, C., Hadfield, K., Dajani, R. B., Eggerman, M., Ager, A., & Ungar, M. T. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12868 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationAhmed, A. E., Ucbasaran, D., Cacciotti, G., & Williams, T. A. (2022) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587211046542 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“Psychological resilience is understood to be a responsive process that involves perceptions, thoughts, coping strategies, and behaviors in the relation to adversity (Fisher et al., 2019; Leipold & Greve, 2009; Southwick et al., 2014).”
BackgroundBuilding employee resilience through wellbeing in organizations
Tonkin, K., Malinen, S. K., Näswall, K., & Kuntz, J. (2018) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.21306 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Ungar, M. T. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104098 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Adapting to Stress: Understanding the Neurobiology of Resilience
Osório, C., Probert, T., Jones, E., Young, A. H., & Robbins, I. (2016) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2016.1170661 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Contributions of green infrastructure to enhancing urban resilience
Staddon, C., Ward, S., Vito, L. D., Zúñiga-Terán, A. A., Gerlak, A. K., Schoeman, Y., Hart, A., & Booth, G. (2018) · Environment Systems & Decisions · doi:10.1007/s10669-018-9702-9 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Luyten, P., Campbell, C., & Fonagy, P. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12483 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
A Cognitive Model of Psychological Resilience
Parsons, S. D., Kruijt, A., & Fox, E. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.053415 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Measuring smart grid resilience: Methods, challenges and opportunities
Das, L., Munikoti, S., Natarajan, B., & Srinivasan, B. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109918 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Brailovskaia, J., & Margraf, J. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106720 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Aguilar, E. D. C., Zevallos-Francia, M., Morales-García, M., Ramírez‐Coronel, A. A., Morales-García, S. B., Sairitupa-Sanchez, L. Z., & Morales-García, W. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1202048 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Roles of Oxytocin in Stress Responses, Allostasis and Resilience
Takayanagi, Y., & Onaka, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010150 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“Resilience helps a person bounce back and recover from these difficult experiences [6].”
BackgroundBuddelmeyer, H., & Powdthavee, N. (2015) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2015.11.014 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Banyard, V., Hamby, S. L., & Grych, J. H. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.011 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Bryan, C., O’Shea, D. E., & Macintyre, T. E. (2017) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2017.1381140 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Trauma and Public Mental Health: A Focused Review
Kleber, R. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00451 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Resilience: The Science of Mastering Life's Greatest Challenges
Southwick, S., & Charney, D. (2018) · doi:10.1017/9781108349246 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationPathways to Integrated Resilience Science
Masten, A. S. (2015) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2015.1012041 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationThe emergence of team resilience: A multilevel conceptual model of facilitating factors
Gucciardi, D. F., Crane, M. F., Ntoumanis, N., Parker, S. K., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Ducker, K. J., Peeling, P., Chapman, M. T., Quested, E., & Temby, P. (2018) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12237 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Understanding Resilience and Preventing and Treating PTSD
Horn, S. R. G.-V., & Feder, A. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000194 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Impacts of Healthcare 4.0 digital technologies on the resilience of hospitals
Tortorella, G. L., Saurin, T. A., Fogliatto, F. S., da Rosa, V. M., Tonetto, L. M., & Magrabi, F. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120666 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Wang, X., Gao, Y., Wang, Q., & Zhang, P. (2024) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12874 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Correlates of psychological distress, burnout, and resilience among Chinese female nurses
Zou, G., Xiuying, S. H. E. N., Xiaohong, T. I. A. N., Liu, C., Li, G., Kong, L., & Li, P. (2016) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2015-0103 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The cortisol switch between vulnerability and resilience
de Kloet, E. R., & Joëls, M. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01934-8 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“The challenge is to compare the molecular and cellular fi ndings of the MR-GR on/off switch during stress in animal models with resilience and vulnerability to psychiatric illness [12, 206].”
Bourbeau, P. (2018) · International Political Sociology · doi:10.1093/ips/olx026 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Modelling resilience in adolescence and adversity: a novel framework to inform research and practice
Malhi, G. S., Das, P., Bell, E., Mattingly, G. W., & Mannie, Z. N. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0651-y · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Niemiec, R. M. (2019) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-018-9692-2 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Catabay, C. J., Stockman, J. K., Campbell, J. C., & Tsuyuki, K. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.037 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Adolescent Life Satisfaction Explained by Social Support, Emotion Regulation, and Resilience
Azpiazu, L., Fernández, A. R., & Palacios, E. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694183 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
An introduction to achieving policy impact for early career researchers
Evans, M., & Cvitanovic, C. (2018) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-018-0144-2 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Kinser, P. A., Jallo, N., Amstadter, A. B., Thacker, L. R., Jones, E. G., Moyer, S. W., Rider, A., Karjane, N. W., & Salisbury, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8866 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“38 In the qualitative data from our study, many women identified methods for enhancing resilience and adaptability such as changing their relationship with technology ( e.g., avoiding news outlets and social media and/or using technology to maintain support with friends, family members, and health…”
Association between demographics and resilience – a cross‐sectional study among nurses in Singapore
Ang, S. Y., Uthaman, T., Ayre, T. C., Mordiffi, S. Z., Ang, E. N. K., & López, V. (2018) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.12441 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Resilience and the (micro-)dynamics of organizational ambidexterity: implications for strategic HRM
Stokes, P. J., Smith, S., Wall, T., Moore, N., Rowland, C. F., Ward, T. J., & Cronshaw, S. (2018) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2018.1474939 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Are older adults also at higher psychological risk from COVID-19?
García‐Portilla, M. P., Tomas, L. D. L. F., Bobes-Bascarán, T., Treviño, L. J., Madera, P. Z., Álvarez, M. S., Miranda, I. M., García-Álvarez, L., Sáiz, P. A., & Bobes, J. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1805723 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Rosenberg, A. R., Bradford, M. C., Junkins, C. C., Taylor, M., Zhou, C., Sherr, N., Kross, E., Curtis, J. R., & Yi-Frazier, J. P. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11578 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A concept analysis of moral resilience
Young, P. D., & Rushton, C. H. (2017) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.03.009 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Kocalevent, R., Zenger, M., Hinz, A., Klapp, B. F., & Brähler, E. (2017) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0822-6 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Adaptation in the Face of the New Normal
Mithani, M. A. (2020) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2019.0054 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Zuurmond, M., Nyante, G. G., Baltussen, M., Seeley, J., Abanga, J., Shakespeare, T., Collumbien, M., & Bernays, S. (2018) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12618 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Lerner, R. M., Tirrell, J. M., Dowling, E. M., Geldhof, G. J., Gestsdóttir, S., Lerner, J. V., King, P. E., Williams, K. E., Iraheta, G., & Sim, A. T. R. (2018) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-018-0093-4 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Tomaszek, K., & Muchacka-Cymerman, A. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197062 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“[31] described PTGI as a stress-induced increase in psychological benefits.”
BackgroundDeveloping and Validating the Communication Resilience Processes Scale
Wilson, S. R., Kuang, K., Hintz, E. A., & Buzzanell, P. M. (2021) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqab013 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Resilience and resilience factors in children in residential care: A systematic review
Lou, Y., Taylor, E. P., & Folco, S. D. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.010 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Rossi, R., Jannini, T. B., Socci, V., Pacitti, F., & Lorenzo, G. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.635832 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Ugwu, C. N., Ugwu, O. P.-C., Alum, E. U., Eze, V. H. U., Basajja, M., Ugwu, J. N., Ogenyi, F. C., Ejemot-Nwadiaro, R. I., Okon, M. B., Egba, S. I., et al. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041535 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Witt, A., Münzer, A., Ganser, H. G., Fegert, J. M., Goldbeck, L., & Plener, P. L. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.05.001 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Interprofessionals’ definitions of moral resilience
Holtz, H., Heinze, K. E., & Rushton, C. H. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13989 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Rosenberg, A. R., Syrjala, K. L., Martin, P. J., Flowers, M. E., Carpenter, P. A., Salit, R. B., Baker, K. S., & Lee, S. J. (2015) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29651 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Resilience in Times of Global Pandemic: Steering Recovery and Thriving Trajectories
Kuntz, J. (2020) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12296 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“…evolving from a set of personal attributes that allows individuals to restore a state of wellbeing following exposure to adversity (Bonanno, 2004; Southwick et al., 2014); a dynamic cognitive-emotional process of utilising personal, social, and environmental resources to adapt to chronic and…”
BackgroundInfluentialStress, Resilience, and Coping of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Croghan, I. T., Chesak, S. S., Adusumalli, J., Fischer, K. M., Beck, E. W., Patel, S. R., Ghosh, K., Schroeder, D. R., & Bhagra, A. (2021) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501327211008448 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Psychological Resilience and Health Among Older Adults: A Comparison of Personal Resources
Taylor, M. G., & Carr, D. C. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa116 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
van der Meer, C. A. I., Brake, H. T., van der Aa, N., Dashtgard, P., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00169 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Genomics and psychological resilience: a research agenda
Choi, K. W., Stein, M. B., Dunn, E. C., Koenen, K. C., & Smoller, J. W. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0457-6 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Fernández, M. D. R., Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D., Ibáñez‐Masero, O., Carmona‐Rega, M. I., Sánchez-Ruiz, M. J., & Ortega‐Galán, Á. M. (2021) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22158 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“The components of resilience include, on the one hand, the acceptance of impermanence and suffering, and on the other hand, equanimity and kindness toward one's own suffering (Southwick et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWorkplace resources and employee resilience: the role of regulatory profiles
Kuntz, J., Connell, P., & Näswall, K. (2017) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-11-2016-0208 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Researching Multisystemic Resilience: A Sample Methodology
Ungar, M. T., Theron, L. C., Murphy, K., & Jefferies, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607994 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sun, H., Yuan, C., Qian, Q., Shu-zhi, H., & Luo, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.858515 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Law enforcement suicide: a review
Violanti, J. M., Owens, S. L., McCanlies, E., Fekedulegn, D., & Andrew, M. E. (2019) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-05-2017-0061 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Neither Resiliency-Trait nor Resilience-State: Transactional Resiliency/e
Kuldas, S., & Foody, M. (2021) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x211029309 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“…(see Aburn et al., 2016; Ahern et al., 2008; Ahmed Shafi et al., 2020; Atkinson et al., 2009; Bonanno et al., 2015; Lou et al., 2018; Luthar et al., 2000; Pooley & Cohen, 2010; Sanderson & Brewer, 2017; Schultze-Lutter et al., 2016; Southwick et al., 2014; Windle, 2011; Zolkoski & Bullock, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialPriel, A., Djalovski, A., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12880 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Is higher resilience predictive of lower stress and better mental health among corporate executives?
Kermott, C. A., Johnson, R. E., Sood, R., Jenkins, S. M., & Sood, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218092 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic: Distress and resilience
Kimhi, S., Marciano, H., Eshel, Y., & Adini, B. B. (2020) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101843 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Intergenerational trauma in Latinxs: A scoping review
Cerdeña, J. P., Rivera, L. M., & Spak, J. M. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113662 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Extensive research has identified the importance of resource availability and environmental conditions in the process of trauma recovery (Southwick et al., 2014; Ungar, 2011).”
Exploring nurse perceptions and experiences of resilience: a meta-synthesis study
Kim, E. Y., & Chang, S. O. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-021-00803-z · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Background Most people have life-threatening experiences or are exposed to one or more stressors in their lifetime [14].”
Background
- Authors
- Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Department of Anthropology & Jackson Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Southwick, Steven M.
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-10-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4185134
- OpenAlex
- W2000653311
- Cited by
- 2,968
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 464 · 2025: 402 · 2024: 370 · 2023: 342 · 2022: 357 · 2021: 336 · 2020: 236 · 2019: 183 · 2018: 126 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 59.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- resilience, resilience definitions, determinants of resilience, multiple levels of analysis, epigenetics, genetic factors, developmental factors, cultural factors, economic factors, social factors, trauma, adversity, positive functioning, family resilience, community resilience, cultural resilience
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
