Security Tradeoffs in Cyber Physical Systems: A Case Study Survey on Implantable Medical Devices
Open accessAbstract
The new culture of networked systems that offer everywhere accessible services has given rise to various types of security tradeoffs. In fact, with the evolution of physical systems that keep getting integrated with cyber frameworks, cyber threats have far more critical effects as they get reflected on the physical environment. As a result, the issue of security of cyber physical systems requires a special holistic treatment. In this paper, we study the tradeoff between security, safety, and availability in such systems and demonstrate these concepts on implantable medical devices as a case study. We discuss the challenges and constraints associated with securing such systems and focus on the tradeoff between security measures required for blocking unauthorized access to the device and the safety of the patient in emergency situations where such measures must be dropped to allow access. We analyze the up to date proposed solutions and discuss their strengths and limitations.
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Patients in general appear to be unaware of the dangers of cyber attacks, and they consider the security of their implanted medical devices (IMDs) as a secondary aspect.
“Patients in general appear to be unaware of the dangers of cyber attacks, and they consider the security of their implanted medical devices (IMDs) as a secondary aspect [69] perhaps due to lack of adequate awareness.”
From IoT cyber risk: A holistic analysis of cyber risk assessment frameworks, risk vectors, and risk ranking process (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
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- Authors
- Altawy, R., & Youssef, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Concordia University (CA)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 959-979
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2284373869
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 33.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information and Cyber Security
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Smart Grid Security and Resilience
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Keywords
- cyber-physical systems, security trade-offs, biomedical implants, medical device security, unauthorized access prevention, emergency access, patient safety, medical device hacking
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