The DOI matches its Crossref record; 177 of the 179 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet.
Black-Box vs. White-Box: Understanding Their Advantages and Weaknesses From a Practical Point of View
Open accessAbstract
Nowadays, in the international scientific community of machine learning, there exists an enormous discussion about the use of black-box models or explainable models; especially in practical problems. On the one hand, a part of the community defends that black-box models are more accurate than explainable models in some contexts, like image preprocessing. On the other hand, there exist another part of the community alleging that explainable models are better than black-box models because they can obtain comparable results and also they can explain these results in a language close to a human expert by using patterns. In this paper, advantages and weaknesses for each approach are shown; taking into account a state-of-the-art review for both approaches, their practical applications, trends, and future challenges. This paper shows that both approaches are suitable for solving practical problems, but experts in machine learning need to understand the input data, the problem to solve, and the best way for showing the output data before applying a machine learning model. Also, we propose some ideas for fusing both, explainable and black-box, approaches to provide better solutions to experts in real-world domains. Additionally, we show one way to measure the effectiveness of the applied machine learning model by using expert opinions jointly with statistical methods. Throughout this paper, we show the impact of using explainable and black-box models on the security and medical applications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The EU is currently working on the Artificial Intelligence Act [17] which makes a distinction between non-high-risk and high-risk AI systems.”
From Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition
Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.1556 · Cited by 114,148
Zadeh, L. A. (1965) · Information and Control · doi:10.1016/s0019-9958(65)90241-x · Cited by 67,855
Classification and Regression Trees.
Gordon, A. D., Breiman, L., Friedman, J. H., Olshen, R. A., & Stone, C. J. (1984) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530946 · Cited by 23,867
Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle-consistent adversarial networks
Zhu, J.-Y., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.244 · Cited by 23,602
(1992) · Cited by 23,431
Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks
Isola, P., Zhu, J.-Y., Zhou, T., & Efros, A. A. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.632 · Cited by 22,930
Quinlan, J. R. (1986) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00116251 · Cited by 21,439
Labaca-Castro, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-40442-0_9 · Cited by 21,119
Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases
Agrawal, R., Imieliński, T., & Swami, A. (1993) · Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data · doi:10.1145/170035.170072 · Cited by 14,907
Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Network
Ledig, C., Theis, L., Huszar, F., Caballero, J., Cunningham, A., Acosta, A., Aitken, A., Tejani, A., Totz, J., Wang, Z., et al. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.19 · Cited by 12,696
Unsupervised representation learning with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
Radford, A., Metz, L., & Chintala, S. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1511.06434 · Cited by 12,235
Schölkopf, B., & Smola, A. J. (2001) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4175.001.0001 · Cited by 11,934
Rudin, C. (2019) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-019-0048-x · Cited by 10,561
Geurts, P., Ernst, D., & Wehenkel, L. (2006) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-006-6226-1 · Cited by 9,300
An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts
Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.9.3.458 · Cited by 6,061
Context Encoders: Feature Learning by Inpainting
Pathak, D., Krahenbuhl, P., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., & Efros, A. A. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.278 · Cited by 5,691
An Introduction to Kernel and Nearest-Neighbor Nonparametric Regression
Altman, N. (1992) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1080/00031305.1992.10475879 · Cited by 5,657
Instance-Based Learning Algorithms
Aha, D. W., Kibler, D. F., & Albert, M. K. (1991) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1022689900470 · Cited by 5,290
Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variation
Karras, T., Aila, T., Laine, S., & Lehtinen, J. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.10196 · Cited by 4,727
High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANs
Wang, T.-C., Liu, M.-Y., Zhu, J.-Y., Tao, A., Kautz, J., & Catanzaro, B. (2018) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2018.00917 · Cited by 4,622
Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases
Agrawal, R., Imieliński, T., & Swami, A. (1993) · ACM SIGMOD Record · doi:10.1145/170036.170072 · Cited by 4,551
The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus
Hsu, C.-C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007) · University of Massachusetts Amherst · doi:10.7275/pdz9-th90 · Cited by 4,500 · cited 4×
“by using the opinions of several experts in the application area? A statistical method for validating the suitability of an applied machine learning model by using the opinions of several experts in the application area is the Delphi method [165], [166].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential(1989) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 3,736
Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesis
Brock, A., Donahue, J., & Simonyan, K. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1809.11096 · Cited by 3,717
Artificial neural networks: fundamentals, computing, design, and application
Basheer, I. A., & Hajmeer, M. N. (2000) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00201-3 · Cited by 3,316
StackGAN: Text to Photo-Realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networks
Zhang, H., Xu, T., Li, H., Zhang, S., Wang, X., Huang, X., & Metaxas, D. (2017) · 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.629 · Cited by 3,021
Multi-Interval Discretization of Continuous-Valued Attributes for Classification Learning
Fayyad, U. M., & Irani, K. B. (1993) · International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 2,870
Neural Discrete Representation Learning
Oord, A. V. D., Vinyals, O., & Kavukcuoglu, K. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1711.00937 · Cited by 2,729
Richardson, M., & Domingos, P. (2006) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-006-5833-1 · Cited by 2,676
Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesis
Reed, S., Akata, Z., Yan, X., Logeswaran, L., Schiele, B., & Lee, H. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1605.05396 · Cited by 2,494
Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial NetworksPreprint
Zhu, J.-Y., Park, T., Isola, P., et al. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.10593 · Cited by 2,278
Principles of QSAR models validation: internal and external
Gramatica, P. (2007) · QSAR & Combinatorial Science · doi:10.1002/qsar.200610151 · Cited by 2,249
Introduction to artificial neural systems
Nelson, D. E., & Wang, J. (1992) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/0925-2312(92)90018-k · Cited by 2,011
Generative adversarial network in medical imaging: A review
Xin, Y., Walia, E., & Babyn, P. (2019) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.101552 · Cited by 1,959
Decision trees: a recent overview
Kotsiantis, S. B. (2011) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-011-9272-4 · Cited by 1,660
Lin, C.-F., & Wang, S. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/72.991432 · Cited by 1,496
Coupled Generative Adversarial NetworksPreprint
Liu, M.-Y., & Tuzel, O. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.07536 · Cited by 1,445
An Introduction to Kernel and Nearest-Neighbor Nonparametric Regression
Altman, N. (1992) · The American Statistician · doi:10.2307/2685209 · Cited by 1,420
Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative-Adversarial Modeling
Wu, J., Zhang, C., Xue, T., Freeman, W. T., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.07584 · Cited by 1,393
Semantic Image Inpainting with Deep Generative Models
Yeh, R. A., Chen, C., Lim, T. Y., Schwing, A. G., Hasegawa‐Johnson, M., & Do, M. N. (2017) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.728 · Cited by 1,348
Efficiently mining long patterns from databases
Bayardo, R. J. (1998) · ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD) · doi:10.1145/276304.276313 · Cited by 1,324
Image De-Raining Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network
Zhang, H., Sindagi, V. A., & Patel, V. M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2019.2920407 · Cited by 1,268
A Bayesian Networks Approach for Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions from Genomic Data
Jansen, R., Yu, H., Greenbaum, D. S., Kluger, Y., Krogan, N. J., Chung, S., Emili, A., Snyder, M. P., Greenblatt, J. F., & Gerstein, M. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087361 · Cited by 1,254
A Tutorial on Learning with Bayesian Networks
Heckerman, D. E. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5014-9_11 · Cited by 1,242
Age Progression/Regression by Conditional Adversarial Autoencoder
Zhang, Z., Song, Y., & Qi, H. (2017) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.463 · Cited by 1,216
Interestingness measures for data mining
Geng, L., & Hamilton, H. J. (2006) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/1132960.1132963 · Cited by 1,183
Samek, W., Wiegand, T., & Müller, K.-R. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.08296 · Cited by 1,080
Efficient mining of emerging patterns
Dong, G., & Li, J. (1999) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/312129.312191 · Cited by 1,030
Generating Videos with Scene DynamicsPreprint
Vondrick, C., Pirsiavash, H., & Torralba, A. B. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.02612 · Cited by 976
Unsupervised Cross-Domain Image GenerationPreprint
Taigman, Y., Polyak, A., & Wolf, L. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1611.02200 · Cited by 956
Is Combining Classifiers with Stacking Better than Selecting the Best One?
Džeroski, S., & Ženko, B. (2004) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/b:mach.0000015881.36452.6e · Cited by 890
Enhanced Performance of Brain Tumor Classification via Tumor Region Augmentation and Partition
Cheng, J., Huang, W., Cao, S., Yang, R., Yang, W., Yun, Z., Wang, Z., & Feng, Q. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140381 · Cited by 879 · cited 1×
“The brain cancer images were taken from [160] and the human brain cancer characteristics were extracted from [161].”
MethodThe Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation
Brundage, M., Avin, S., Clark, J., Toner, H., Eckersley, P., Garfinkel, B., Dafoe, A., Scharre, P., Zeitzoff, T., Filar, B., et al. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.07228 · Cited by 849
The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation
Brundage, M., Avin, S., Clark, J., Toner, H., Eckersley, P., Garfinkel, B., Dafoe, A., Scharre, P., Zeitzoff, T., Filar, B., et al. (2018) · Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository · doi:10.17863/cam.22520 · Cited by 849
Understanding deep convolutional networks
Mallat, S. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0203 · Cited by 733
Pose Guided Person Image GenerationPreprint
Ma, L., Jia, X., Sun, Q., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T., & Gool, L. V. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.09368 · Cited by 719
Huang, R., Zhang, S., Li, T., & He, R. (2017) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2017.267 · Cited by 705
Detecting and classifying lesions in mammograms with Deep Learning
Ribli, D., Horváth, A., Unger, Z., Pollner, P., & Csabai, I. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22437-z · Cited by 696
Li, Y., Liu, S., Yang, J., & Yang, M. (2017) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.624 · Cited by 668
Face aging with conditional generative adversarial networks
Antipov, G., Baccouche, M., & Dugelay, J. (2017) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2017.8296650 · Cited by 597
Propagating Uncertainty in Bayesian Networks by Probabilistic Logic Sampling
Henrion, M. (1988) · Machine intelligence and pattern recognition · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-70396-5.50019-4 · Cited by 551
Kontschieder, P., Fiterau, M., Criminisi, A., & Bulò, S. R. (2015) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.172 · Cited by 535
Seizure characteristics and control following resection in 332 patients with low-grade gliomas
Chang, E. F., Potts, M. B., Keles, G. E., Lamborn, K. R., Chang, S. M., Barbaro, N. M., & Berger, M. S. (2008) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns/2008/108/2/0227 · Cited by 528
Extended Dissipative State Estimation for Markov Jump Neural Networks With Unreliable Links
Shen, H., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., & Park, J. H. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2015.2511196 · Cited by 489
Comprehensible credit scoring models using rule extraction from support vector machines
Martens, D., Baesens, B., Van Gestel, T., & Vanthienen, J. (2007) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2006.04.051 · Cited by 448
Learning What and Where to DrawPreprint
Reed, S., Akata, Z., Mohan, S., Tenka, S., Schiele, B., & Lee, H. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.02454 · Cited by 444
Data Mining with Decision Trees
Rokach, L., & Maimon, O. (2013) · Series in machine perception and artificial intelligence · doi:10.1142/9097 · Cited by 406
Series in Machine Perception and Artificial Intelligence
(2012) · Series in machine perception and artificial intelligence · doi:10.1142/smpai · Cited by 373
Predicting the Future: Have you considered using the Delphi Methodology?
Ludwig, B. (1997) · Journal of Extension · doi:10.66752/1077-5315.8000 · Cited by 348
Monocular Depth Estimation Using Neural Regression Forest
Roy, A., & Todorović, S. (2016) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.594 · Cited by 319
High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANsPreprint
Wang, T.-C., Liu, M.-Y., Zhu, J.-Y., et al. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1711.11585 · Cited by 301
Support Vector Machines Applications
Ma, Y., Guo, G., & Publishing, S. I. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02300-7 · Cited by 292
Application of Bayesian Networks in Reliability Evaluation
Cai, B., Kong, X., Liu, Y., Lin, J., Yuan, X., Xu, H., & Ji, R. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · doi:10.1109/tii.2018.2858281 · Cited by 280
Neural Photo Editing with Introspective Adversarial Networks
Brock, A., Lim, T., Ritchie, J. M., & Weston, N. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.07093 · Cited by 275
3D Shape Induction from 2D Views of Multiple Objects
Gadelha, M., Maji, S., & Wang, R. (2017) · International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) · doi:10.1109/3dv.2017.00053 · Cited by 261
DeepRED – Rule Extraction from Deep Neural Networks
Zilke, J. R., Mencía, E. L., & Janssen, F. W. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46307-0_29 · Cited by 250
Corani, G. (2005) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.008 · Cited by 246
Image De-raining Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial NetworkPreprint
Zhang, H., Sindagi, V. A., & Patel, V. M. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1701.05957 · Cited by 245
Ray, P., & Chakrabarti, A. (2019) · Applied Computing and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aci.2019.02.002 · Cited by 224
Hung, H. S., Altschuld, J. W., & Lee, Y. (2008) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.02.005 · Cited by 205
Deep Neural Decision TreesPreprint
Yang, Y., Morillo, I. G., & Hospedales, T. M. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.06988 · Cited by 188
BPSO-Adaboost-KNN ensemble learning algorithm for multi-class imbalanced data classification
Haixiang, G., Li, Y., Li, Y., Xiao, L., & Jinling, L. (2015) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2015.09.011 · Cited by 185
Loyola‐González, O., Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A., & García-Borroto, M. (2015) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2015.04.120 · Cited by 185
Towards the Automatic Anime Characters Creation with Generative Adversarial NetworksPreprint
Jin, Y., Zhang, J., Li, M., Tian, Y., Zhu, H., & Fang, Z. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.05509 · Cited by 180
Efficient search for association rules
Webb, G. I. (2000) · ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/347090.347112 · Cited by 165
Class Confidence Weighted kNN Algorithms for Imbalanced Data Sets
Liu, W., & Chawla, S. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20847-8_29 · Cited by 157
Bayesian learning theory applied to human cognition
Jacobs, R. A., & Kruschke, J. K. (2010) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.80 · Cited by 149
TAC-GAN - Text Conditioned Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial NetworkPreprint
Dash, A., Gamboa, J. C. B., Ahmed, S., Liwicki, M., & Afzal, M. Z. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.06412 · Cited by 142
Extended local binary patterns for face recognition
Liu, L., Fieguth, P., Zhao, G., Pietikäinen, M., & Hu, D. (2016) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2016.04.021 · Cited by 139
Please Stop Explaining Black Box Models for High Stakes Decisions.Preprint
Rudin, C. D. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 138
Neural Decision Forests for Semantic Image Labelling
Bulò, S. R., & Kontschieder, P. (2014) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.18 · Cited by 133
Using Bayesian network for fault location on distribution feeder
Chien, C., Chen, S., & Lin, Y.-S. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery · doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2002.1022804 · Cited by 132
A rule-based system for document image segmentation
Fisher, J. L., Hinds, S. C., & D'Amato, D. P. (2002) · Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/icpr.1990.118166 · Cited by 121
Miholca, D.-L., Czibula, G., & Czibula, I. G. (2018) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2018.02.027 · Cited by 119
Applying lazy learning algorithms to tackle concept drift in spam filtering
Fdez‐Riverola, F., Iglesias, E. L., Díaz, F., Méndez, J. R., & Corchado, J. M. (2006) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2006.04.011 · Cited by 118
GP-GAN: Towards Realistic High-Resolution Image BlendingPreprint
Wu, H., Zheng, S., Zhang, J., & Huang, K. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.07195 · Cited by 111
Convolutional Neural Networks for Page Segmentation of Historical Document Images
Chen, K., Seuret, M., Hennebert, J., & Ingold, R. (2017) · IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) · doi:10.1109/icdar.2017.161 · Cited by 101
Age Progression/Regression by Conditional Adversarial AutoencoderPreprint
Zhang, Z., Song, Y., & Qi, H. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1702.08423 · Cited by 98
Iris recognition based on score level fusion by using SVM
Park, H., & Park, K. R. (2007) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2007.05.017 · Cited by 97
Gérard Biau, A., Scornet, E., & Welbl, J. (2018) · Sankhya A · doi:10.1007/s13171-018-0133-y · Cited by 95
Assessing web sites quality: A systematic literature review by text and association rules mining
Rekik, R., Kallel, I., Casillas, J., & Alimi, A. M. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.06.007 · Cited by 91
Generative Face CompletionPreprint
Li, Y., Liu, S., Yang, J., et al. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1704.05838 · Cited by 91
Exploring shipping accident contributory factors using association rules
Weng, J., & Li, G. (2017) · Journal of Transportation Safety & Security · doi:10.1080/19439962.2017.1341440 · Cited by 88
Detection of Frequent Alarm Patterns in Industrial Alarm Floods Using Itemset Mining Methods
Hu, W., Chen, T., & Shah, S. L. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2018.2795573 · Cited by 88
Valdés-Ramírez, D., Medina‐Pérez, M. A., Monroy, R., Loyola‐González, O., Rodríguez‐Ruiz, J., Morales, A., & Herrera, F. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2909497 · Cited by 87
A Bayesian network fault diagnostic system for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Riascos, L. A. M., Simões, M. G., & Miyagi, P. E. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.003 · Cited by 86
Modeling of a magnetorheological damper by recursive lazy learning
Boada, M. J. L., Calvo, J. A., Boada, B. L., & Díaz, V. (2008) · International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics · doi:10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2008.11.019 · Cited by 83
Contrast Pattern-Based Classification for Bot Detection on Twitter
Loyola‐González, O., Monroy, R., Rodríguez‐Ruiz, J., López‐Cuevas, A., & Mata-Sánchez, J. I. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2904220 · Cited by 80
Ly, H., Monteiro, É., Le, T.-T., Le, M. V., Dal, M., Régnier, G., & Pham, B. T. (2019) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma12091544 · Cited by 80
Rule Extraction Algorithm for Deep Neural Networks: A ReviewPreprint
Hailesilassie, T. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.05267 · Cited by 76
Part-of-speech tagging using decision trees
Màrquez, L., & Rodríguez, H. (1998) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/bfb0026668 · Cited by 74
Moubayed, A., Injadat, M., Shami, A. A., & Lutfiyya, H. L. (2018) · IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE) · doi:10.1109/edunine.2018.8451005 · Cited by 72
Cost-Sensitive Decision Trees Applied to Medical Data
Freitas, A., Costa‐Pereira, A., & Brazdil, P. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74553-2_28 · Cited by 71
PBC4cip: A new contrast pattern-based classifier for class imbalance problems
Loyola‐González, O., Medina‐Pérez, M. A., Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A., Monroy, R., & García-Borroto, M. (2016) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2016.10.018 · Cited by 71
Pervasive social networking forensics: Intelligence and evidence from mobile device extracts
Quick, D., & Choo, K. R. (2016) · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2016.11.018 · Cited by 70
Fingerprint Classification with Combinations of Support Vector Machines
Yao, Y., Frasconi, P., & Pontil, M. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45344-x_37 · Cited by 68
Semantic Image Inpainting with Deep Generative ModelsPreprint
Yeh, R. A., Chen, C., Lim, T. Y., et al. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.07539 · Cited by 68
Analyzing Perception-Distortion Tradeoff Using Enhanced Perceptual Super-Resolution Network
Vasu, S., Madam, N. T., & Rajagopalan, A. N. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11021-5_8 · Cited by 67
Induction of Decision Trees and Bayesian Classification Applied to Diagnosis of Sport Injuries
Zelič, I., Kononenko, I., Nada Lavrač, A., & Vuga, V. (1997) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1023/a:1022880431298 · Cited by 65
Edited AdaBoost by weighted kNN
Gao, Y., & Gao, F. (2010) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2010.06.024 · Cited by 64
Choosing the Right Lens: Finding What is Interesting in Data Mining
Geng, L., & Hamilton, H. J. (2007) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-44918-8_1 · Cited by 60
BAYESIAN NETWORKS IN EDUCATIONAL TESTING
Vomlel, J. (2004) · International Journal of Uncertainty Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1142/s021848850400259x · Cited by 60
IoT Device Forensics and Data Reduction
Quick, D., & Choo, K. R. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2867466 · Cited by 60
Combining emerging patterns with random forest for complex activity recognition in smart homes
Malazi, H. T., & Davari, M. (2017) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-017-0976-2 · Cited by 57
Enabling Fast Lazy Learning for Data Streams
Zhang, P., Gao, B. J., Xingquan Zhu, A., & Guo, L. (2011) · Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icdm.2011.63 · Cited by 56
A Neuro-Cognitive Theory of Deductive Relational Reasoning with Mental Models and Visual Images
Knauff, M. (2009) · Spatial Cognition and Computation · doi:10.1080/13875860902887605 · Cited by 52
Classification of Cancer Data: Analyzing Gene Expression Data Using a Fuzzy Decision Tree Algorithm
Ludwig, S. A., Picek, S., & Jakobović, D. (2017) · International series in management science/operations research/International series in operations research & management science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65455-3_13 · Cited by 49
Kramer, B. S., Walker, A. E., & Brill, J. M. (2007) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-007-9048-3 · Cited by 48
What Did I Do Wrong in My MOBA Game? Mining Patterns Discriminating Deviant Behaviours
Cavadenti, O., Codocedo, V., Boulicaut, J., & Kaytoue, M. (2016) · IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA) · doi:10.1109/dsaa.2016.75 · Cited by 44
Early detection of deception and aggressiveness using profile-based representations
Escalante, H. J., Villatoro-Tello, E., Garza, S. E., López-Monroy, A. P., Montes-y-Gómez, M., & Villaseñor-Pineda, L. (2017) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2017.07.040 · Cited by 44
Discriminative subprofile-specific representations for author profiling in social media
López-Monroy, A. P., Montes-y-Gómez, M., Escalante, H. J., Villaseñor-Pineda, L., & Stamatatos, E. (2015) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2015.06.024 · Cited by 42
Inferring Missing Climate Data for Agricultural Planning Using Bayesian Networks
Lara-Estrada, L. D., Rasche, L., Sucar, L. E., & Schneider, U. A. (2018) · Land · doi:10.3390/land7010004 · Cited by 40
Mazouri, F. Z. E., Abounaima, M. C., & Zenkouar, K. (2019) · Journal Of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-018-0165-0 · Cited by 40
Learning to Explain With Complemental Examples
Kanehira, A., & Harada, T. (2019) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00880 · Cited by 39
Ranking of text documents using TF-IDF weighting and association rules mining
Jabri, S., Dahbi, A., Gadi, T., & Bassir, A. (2018) · International Conference on Optimization and Applications (ICOA) · doi:10.1109/icoa.2018.8370597 · Cited by 37
Tool-Wear Monitoring Based on Continuous Hidden Markov Models
Vallejo, A. G., Nolazco‐Flores, J. A., Morales-Menéndez, R., Sucar, L. E., & Rodriguez, C. A. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11578079_91 · Cited by 36
Combining Multiple k-Nearest Neighbor Classifiers Using Different Distance Functions
Bao, Y., Ishii, N., & Du, X. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28651-6_93 · Cited by 36
Logical reasoning, world knowledge, and mental imagery: Interconnections in cognitive processes
Clement, C. A., & Falmagne, R. J. (1986) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03202507 · Cited by 36
Fuzzy emerging patterns for classifying hard domains
García-Borroto, M., Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., & Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A. (2010) · Knowledge and Information Systems · doi:10.1007/s10115-010-0324-x · Cited by 36
Bayesian network analysis of resistance pathways against HIV-1 protease inhibitors
Deforche, K., Camacho, R. J., Grossman, Z., Silander, T., Soares, M. A., Moreau, Y., Shafer, R. W., Laethem, K. V., Carvalho, A. P., & Wynhoven, B. (2006) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2006.09.004 · Cited by 33
Bayesian Network Models for Information Retrieval
Ribeiro-Neto, B. A., Silva, I., & Muntz, R. R. (2000) · Studies in fuzziness and soft computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-1849-9_11 · Cited by 32
The Mixed Kernel Function SVM-Based Point Cloud Classification
Chen, C., Li, X., Belkacem, A. N., Qiao, Z., Dong, E., Tan, W., & Shin, D. (2019) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s12541-019-00102-3 · Cited by 31
Taking time seriously: hidden Markov experts applied to financial engineering
Shi, S., & Weigend, A. S. (2002) · doi:10.1109/cifer.1997.618944 · Cited by 30
Finding the best diversity generation procedures for mining contrast patterns
García-Borroto, M., Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., & Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A. (2015) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2015.02.028 · Cited by 29
Lazy Learning based surrogate models for air quality planning
Carnevale, C., Finzi, G., Pederzoli, A., Turrini, E., & Volta, M. (2016) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.022 · Cited by 29
Fusing pattern discovery and visual analytics approaches in tweet propagation
Loyola‐González, O., López‐Cuevas, A., Medina‐Pérez, M. A., Camiña, J. B., Ramírez-Márquez, J. E., & Monroy, R. (2018) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2018.05.004 · Cited by 29
High-Quality Face Image SR Using Conditional Generative Adversarial NetworksPreprint
Huang, B., Chen, W.-H., Wu, X., & Lin, C.-L. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1707.00737 · Cited by 25
Bayesian networks in ovarian cancer diagnosis: potentials and limitations
Antal, P., Verrelst, H., Timmerman, D., Moreau, Y., Huffel, S. V., Moor, B. D., & Vergote, I. B. (2002) · Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems · doi:10.1109/cbms.2000.856886 · Cited by 24
Text Classification by Combining Different Distance Functions withWeights
Yamada, T., Yamashita, K., Ishii, N., & Iwata, K. (2006) · ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD) · doi:10.1109/snpd-sawn.2006.69 · Cited by 21
Johnson, J. C., Luczkovich, J. J., Borgatti, S. P., & Snijders, T. A. B. (2009) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.06.037 · Cited by 21
On Fisher vector encoding of binary features for video face recognition
Martínez-Díaz, Y., Hernández, N., Biscay, R., Chang, L., Méndez-Vázquez, H., & Sucar, L. E. (2018) · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2018.01.017 · Cited by 19
3D Shape Induction from 2D Views of Multiple ObjectsPreprint
Gadelha, M., Maji, S., & Wang, R. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1612.05872 · Cited by 19
Ortega-Mendoza, R. M., López-Monroy, A. P., Franco-Árcega, A., & Montes-y-Gómez, M. (2018) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2018.01.014 · Cited by 18
Wulandari, C. P., Ouyang, C., & Wang, H. (2018) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2018.09.044 · Cited by 18
Effect of class imbalance on quality measures for contrast patterns: An experimental study
Loyola‐González, O., Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A., & García-Borroto, M. (2016) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2016.09.040 · Cited by 17
Observation of sales trends by mining emerging patterns in dynamic markets
Weng, C.-H., & Tony, C. K. H. (2018) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-018-1231-1 · Cited by 17
Toward More Realistic Face Recognition Evaluation Protocols for the YouTube Faces Database
Martínez-Díaz, Y., Méndez-Vázquez, H., López-Avila, L., Chang, L., Sucar, L. E., & Massimo Tistarelli, A. (2018) · IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw.2018.00082 · Cited by 17
News events prediction using Markov logic networks
Dami, S., Barforoush, A. A., & Shirazi, H. M. (2016) · Journal of Information Science · doi:10.1177/0165551516673285 · Cited by 15
A Pattern-Based Approach for Detecting Pneumatic Failures on Temporary Immersion Bioreactors
Loyola‐González, O., Medina‐Pérez, M. A., Hernández-Tamayo, D., Monroy, R., Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A., & García-Borroto, M. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19020414 · Cited by 14
A new support vector machine with an optimal additive kernel
Baek, J., & Kim, E. (2018) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2018.10.032 · Cited by 13
A Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Lazy Learning Parameters for the Prediction of Customer Demands
Kück, M., & Scholz‐Reiter, B. (2013) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications · doi:10.1109/icmla.2013.183 · Cited by 12
Topçu, B., & Erdoğan, H. (2018) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2018.11.029 · Cited by 12
Pre-Diagnostic Tool to Predict Obstructive Lung Diseases Using Iris Recognition System
Bansal, A., Agarwal, R., & Sharma, R. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8968-8_7 · Cited by 11
An Approach Based on Contrast Patterns for Bot Detection on Web Log Files
Loyola‐González, O., Monroy, R., Medina‐Pérez, M. A., Cervantes, B., & Grimaldo-Tijerina, J. E. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04491-6_21 · Cited by 11
Overview and Analysis of Contrast Pattern Based Classification
Zhang, X., & Dong, G. (2012) · Chapman & Hall/CRC data mining and knowledge discovery series · doi:10.1201/b12986-16 · Cited by 11
Eager and Lazy Learning Methods in the Context of Hydrologic Forecasting
SOLOMATINE, D. P., Maskey, M. L., & Shrestha, D. L. (2006) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2006.1716773 · Cited by 10
Summarizing Significant Changes in Network Traffic Using Contrast Pattern Mining
Chavary, E. A., Erfani, S., & Leckie, C. A. (2017) · doi:10.1145/3132847.3133111 · Cited by 9
On the Use of Decision Trees Based on Diagnosis and Drug Codes for Analyzing Chronic Patients
Soguero-Ruíz, C., Díaz-Plaza, A. A., de Miguel-Bohoyo, P., Ramos, J., Rubio-Sánchez, M., Sánchez, A., & Mora-Jiménez, I. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78759-6_14 · Cited by 8
Lazy Learning for Predictive Toxicology based on a Chemical Ontology
Armengol, E., & Plaza, E. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5811-0_1 · Cited by 8
Proactive Forest for Supervised Classification
Pérez, N. C., Denis-Miranda, L. A., Hernández-Palacio, R., Espino, M. M., & García-Borroto, M. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01132-1_29 · Cited by 7
Dong, G. (2012) · Chapman & Hall/CRC data mining and knowledge discovery series · doi:10.1201/b12986-3 · Cited by 7
Evaluating the efficiency of currency portfolios constructed by the mining association rules
Lai, C.-P., & Lu, J. (2018) · Asia Pacific Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.01.005 · Cited by 6
Lazy Learning for Predictive Toxicology based on a Chemical Ontology
Armengol, E., & Plaza, E. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-2865-2_1 · Cited by 6
Exploiting the Power of Group Differences
Dong, G. (2019) · Synthesis lectures on data mining and knowledge discovery · doi:10.2200/s00897ed1v01y201901dmk016 · Cited by 5
Detecting Pneumatic Failures on Temporary Immersion Bioreactors
Loyola‐González, O., Martínez-Trinidad, J. F., Carrasco-Ochoa, J. A., Hernández-Tamayo, D., & García-Borroto, M. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39393-3_29 · Cited by 4
Hierarchical Markov Random Fields with Irregular Pyramids for Improving Image Annotation
Morales-González, A., García-Reyes, E. B., & Sucar, L. E. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34654-5_53 · Cited by 2
Inferring Causal Gene Regulatory Networks Using Time-Delay Association Rules
Ahmed, S. S., Roy, S., & Choudhury, P. P. (2018) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3143-5_26 · Cited by 1
Association Rule Construction from Crime Pattern Through Novelty Approach
Usha, D., Rameshkumar, K., & Baiju, B. V. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1882-5_22 · Cited by 1
Analyzing Perception-Distortion Tradeoff using Enhanced Perceptual Super-resolution NetworkPreprint
Vasu, S., Madam, N. T., & Rajagopalan, A. N. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1811.00344
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1007/BF00153759 · DOI
- pinheiro, 2008, A multicriteria model applied in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: A Bayesian network, Proc 11th IEEE Int Conf Comput Sci Eng, 15
- 2016, Broad Agency Announcement Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barredo Arrieta, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., Garcia, S., Gil-Lopez, S., Molina, D., Benjamins, R., et al. (2020) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2019.12.012 · Cited by 10,423
Human-in-the-loop machine learning: a state of the art
Mosqueira-Rey, E., Hernández-Pereira, E., Alonso-Ríos, D., Bobes-Bascarán, J., & Fernández-Leal, Á. (2022) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-022-10246-w · Cited by 1,251
Artificial Intelligence and Business Value: a Literature Review
Enholm, I. M., Papagiannidis, E., Mikalef, P., & Krogstie, J. (2022) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-021-10186-w · Cited by 1,046
“In addition, this move has sparked a general need to provide more transparency of the entire process from data collection to outcome generation (Loyola-Gonzalez, 2019).”
BackgroundKhan, A. A., Chaudhari, O., & Chandra, R. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122778 · Cited by 677
Alkadi, O., Moustafa, N., Turnbull, B., & Choo, K. R. (2020) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.2996590 · Cited by 489
Metadata
- Authors
- Loyola-Gonzalez, O.
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 154096-154113
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2981836045
- Cited by
- 559
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 18.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Data Classification
- Keywords
- black-box models, explainable machine learning, white-box models, model interpretability, expert opinion, model effectiveness evaluation, security applications, medical applications, image preprocessing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review