Globally-optimal greedy algorithms for tracking a variable number of objects
Abstract
We analyze the computational problem of multi-object tracking in video sequences. We formulate the problem using a cost function that requires estimating the number of tracks, as well as their birth and death states. We show that the global solution can be obtained with a greedy algorithm that sequentially instantiates tracks using shortest path computations on a flow network. Greedy algorithms allow one to embed pre-processing steps, such as nonmax suppression, within the tracking algorithm. Furthermore, we give a near-optimal algorithm based on dynamic programming which runs in time linear in the number of objects and linear in the sequence length. Our algorithms are fast, simple, and scalable, allowing us to process dense input data. This results in state-of-the-art performance.
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Online Multi-object Tracking via Structural Constraint Event Aggregation
Yoon, J. H., Lee, C., Yang, M., & Yoon, K. (2016) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.155 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Joint tracking and segmentation of multiple targets
Milan, A., Leal-Taixé, L., Schindler, K., & Reid, I. D. (2015) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7299178 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Multi-person Tracking by Multicut and Deep Matching
Tang, S., Andres, B., Andriluka, M., & Schiele, B. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48881-3_8 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
A Survey of Multiple Pedestrian Tracking Based on Tracking-by-Detection Framework
Sun, Z., Chen, J., Liang, C., Ruan, W., & Mukherjee, M. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology · doi:10.1109/tcsvt.2020.3009717 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Detection and Tracking of Occluded People
Tang, S., Andriluka, M., & Schiele, B. (2013) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-013-0664-6 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Multiple Target Tracking Based on Undirected Hierarchical Relation Hypergraph
Wen, L., Li, W., Yan, J., Lei, Z., Yi, D., & Li, S. Z. (2014) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.167 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Multi-view People Tracking via Hierarchical Trajectory Composition
Xu, Y., Liu, X., Liu, Y., & Zhu, S. C. (2016) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.461 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Multi-Commodity Network Flow for Tracking Multiple People
Shitrit, H. B., Berclaz, J., Fleuret, F., & Fua, P. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2013.210 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Du, Y., Wan, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., Tong, Z., & Dong, J. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops · doi:10.1109/iccvw54120.2021.00315 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Beyond Pixels: Leveraging Geometry and Shape Cues for Online Multi-Object Tracking
Sharma, S., Ansari, J. A., Jatavallabhula, K. M., & Krishna, K. M. (2018) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra.2018.8461018 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
SimpleTrack: Understanding and Rethinking 3D Multi-object Tracking
Pang, Z., Li, Z., & Wang, N. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25056-9_43 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Space-Time Correspondence as a Contrastive Random WalkPreprint
Jabri, A., Owens, A., & Efros, A. A. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.14613 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
TAO: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Tracking Any Object
Dave, A., Khurana, T., Tokmakov, P., Schmid, C., & Ramanan, D. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58558-7_26 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationMulti-target tracking using CNN-based features: CNNMTT
Mahmoudi, N., Ahadi, S. M., & Rahmati, M. (2018) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-018-6467-6 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Understanding Collective Activitiesof People from Videos
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Multi-camera multi-object tracking: A review of current trends and future advances
Amosa, T. I., Sebastian, P., Izhar, L. I., Ibrahim, O., Ayinla, S. L., Bahashwan, A. A., Bala, A., & Samaila, Y. A. (2023) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126558 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
No Blind Spots: Full-Surround Multi-Object Tracking for Autonomous Vehicles Using Cameras and LiDARs
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He, J., Huang, Z., Wang, N., & Zhang, Z. (2021) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00526 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Virtual KITTI 2Preprint
Cabon, Y., Murray, N., & Humenberger, M. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.10773 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Fusion of Head and Full-Body Detectors for Multi-object Tracking
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Multi-class Multi-object Tracking Using Changing Point Detection
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Detection, Tracking, and Counting Meets Drones in Crowds: A Benchmark
Wen, L., Du, D., Zhu, P., Hu, Q., Wang, Q., Bo, L., & Lyu, S. (2021) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00772 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
On-Road Pedestrian Tracking Across Multiple Driving Recorders
Lee, K.-H., & Hwang, J. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2015.2455418 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Multi-Object Tracking Meets Moving UAV
Liu, S., Li, X., Lu, H., & He, Y. (2022) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.00867 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Visual Semantic Search: Retrieving Videos via Complex Textual Queries
Lin, D., Fidler, S., Kong, C., & Urtasun, R. (2014) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.340 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pirsiavash, H., Ramanan, D., & Fowlkes, C. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- CVPR 2011
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2011-06
- Pages
- 1201-1208
- OpenAlex
- W2016135469
- Cited by
- 790
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 27.44
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Vision and Imaging
- Keywords
- multi-target tracking, video sequences, greedy algorithm, track initialization, flow networks, shortest path, dynamic programming, non-maximum suppression, computational complexity
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