Depth and Appearance for Mobile Scene Analysis
Abstract
In this paper, we address the challenging problem of simultaneous pedestrian detection and ground-plane estimation from video while walking through a busy pedestrian zone. Our proposed system integrates robust stereo depth cues, ground-plane estimation, and appearance-based object detection in a principled fashion using a graphical model. Object-object occlusions lead to complex interactions in this model that make an exact solution computationally intractable. We therefore propose a novel iterative approach that first infers scene geometry using Belief Propagation and then resolves interactions between objects using a global optimization procedure. This approach leads to a robust solution in few iterations, while allowing object detection to benefit from geometry estimation and vice versa. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of our proposed approach on several challenging test sequences showing strolls through busy shopping streets. Comparisons to various baseline systems show that it outperforms both a system using no scene geometry and one just relying on Structure-from-Motion without dense stereo.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
Dalal, N., & Triggs, B. (2005) · 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2005.177 · Cited by 33,584 · see citing works
(1988) · Cited by 16,582 · see citing works
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
Viola, P., & Jones, M. J. (2004) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1023/b:visi.0000013087.49260.fb · Cited by 14,097 · see citing works
Loopy Belief Propagation for Approximate Inference: An Empirical StudyPreprint
Murphy, K. P., Weiss, Y., & Jordan, M. I. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1301.6725 · Cited by 1,440 · see citing works
Fast Human Detection Using a Cascade of Histograms of Oriented Gradients
Zhu, Q., Yeh, M.-C., Cheng, K.-T., & Avidan, S. (2006) · 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2 (CVPR'06) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2006.119 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
Efficient Belief Propagation for Early Vision
Felzenszwalb, P. F., & Huttenlocher, D. P. (2006) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-006-7899-4 · Cited by 1,338 · see citing works
The bayes net toolbox for matlab
Murphy, K. (2001) · Cited by 996 · see citing works
Pedestrian Detection in Crowded Scenes
Leibe, B., Seemann, E., & Schiele, B. (2005) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2005.272 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, B., & Nevatia, R. (2005) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2005.74 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Putting Objects in Perspective
Hoiem, D., Efros, A. A., & Hebert, M. (2008) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-008-0137-5 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Multi-cue Pedestrian Detection and Tracking from a Moving Vehicle
Gavrila, D. M., & Munder, S. (2006) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-006-9038-7 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Using the Forest to See the Trees: A Graphical Model Relating Features, Objects, and Scenes
Murphy, K. P., Torralba, A. B., & Freeman, W. T. (2003) · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Dynamic 3D Scene Analysis from a Moving Vehicle
Leibe, B., Cornelis, N., Cornelis, K., & Gool, L. V. (2007) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2007.383146 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning hierarchical models of scenes, objects, and parts
Sudderth, E. B., Torralba, A. B., Freeman, W. T., & Willsky, A. S. (2005) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2005.137 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Putting Objects in Perspective
Hoiem, D., Efros, A. A., & Hebert, M. (2006) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2006.232 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Multiple Object Class Detection with a Generative Model
Mikolajczyk, K., Leibe, B., & Schiele, B. (2006) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2006.202 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationSegmentation of range images as the search for geometric parametric models
Leonardis, A., Gupta, A. K., & Bajcsy, R. (1995) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/bf01679685 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
A Bayesian Framework for Multi-cue 3D Object Tracking
Giebel, J., Gavrila, D. M., & Schnörr, C. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24673-2_20 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Object Categorization by Compositional Graphical Models
Ommer, B., & Buhmann, J. M. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11585978_16 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite
Geiger, A., Lenz, P., & Urtasun, R. (2012) · 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248074 · Cited by 14,897 · see citing works
Recent advances in deep learning for object detection
Wu, X., Sahoo, D., & Hoi, S. C. H. (2020) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2020.01.085 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Is Faster R-CNN Doing Well for Pedestrian Detection?
Zhang, L., Lin, L., Liang, X., & He, K. (2016) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46475-6_28 · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Globally-optimal greedy algorithms for tracking a variable number of objects
Pirsiavash, H., Ramanan, D., & Fowlkes, C. C. (2011) · CVPR 2011 · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995604 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
UA-DETRAC: A New Benchmark and Protocol for Multi-Object Detection and Tracking
Wen, L., Du, D., Cai, Z., Lei, Z., Chang, M.-C., Qi, H., Lim, J., Yang, M.-H., & Lyu, S. (2020) · Computer Vision and Image Understanding · doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2020.102907 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Occlusion-Aware R-CNN: Detecting Pedestrians in a Crowd
Zhang, S., Wen, L., Bian, X., Lei, Z., & Li, S. Z. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01219-9_39 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Multi-cue onboard pedestrian detection
Wojek, C., Walk, S., & Schiele, B. (2009) · 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206638 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
EuroCity Persons: A Novel Benchmark for Person Detection in Traffic Scenes
Braun, M., Krebs, S., Flohr, F., & Gavrila, D. M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2897684 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Single-Pedestrian Detection Aided by Multi-pedestrian Detection
Ouyang, W., & Wang, X. (2013) · 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2013.411 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Grauman, K., & Leibe, B. (2011) · Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning · doi:10.2200/s00332ed1v01y201103aim011 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodal Recurrent Neural Networks With Information Transfer Layers for Indoor Scene Labeling
Abdulnabi, A. H., Shuai, B., Zuo, Z., Chau, L.-P., & Wang, G. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2017.2774007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ess, A., Leibe, B., & Van Gool, L.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- ORCID
- Leibe, Bastian
- Venue
- 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2007
- Pages
- 1-8
- OpenAlex
- W2098699644
- Cited by
- 540
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 13.12
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Vision and Imaging
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
- Keywords
- pedestrian detection, ground plane estimation, stereo depth estimation, probabilistic graphical models, belief propagation, occlusion resolution, global optimization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review