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Securing user identity and transactions symbiotically: IoT meets blockchain
Abstract
Swarms of embedded devices provide new challenges for privacy and security. We propose Permissioned Blockchains as an effective way to secure and manage these systems of systems. A long view of blockchain technology yields several requirements absent in extant blockchain implementations. Our approach to Permissioned Blockchains meets the fundamental requirements for longevity, agility, and incremental adoption. Distributed Identity Management is an inherent feature of our Permissioned Blockchain and provides for resilient user and device identity and attribute management.
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“Various works to develop secure light-weight IoT architecture based on the blockchain technology have been proposed in the literature [178-180].”
From A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions (2019) · cites this paper as [179]
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(0) · Permissioning Your Blockchain How to Overlay Hyperledger Fabric with a Fully Workable System Tapestry
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Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2018) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006 · Cited by 2,954
A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things
Fernandez-Carames, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P. (2018) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2018.2842685 · Cited by 1,078
Applications of Blockchains in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey
Ali, M. S., Vecchio, M., Pincheira, M., Dolui, K., Antonelli, F., & Rehmani, M. H. (2019) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2886932 · Cited by 855
“Kravitz and Cooper [168] use permissioned blockchains to propose a solution for distributed identity management.”
BackgroundA Survey of Blockchain Technology Applied to Smart Cities: Research Issues and Challenges
Xie, J., Tang, H., Huang, T., Yu, F. R., Xie, R., Liu, J., & Liu, Y. (2019) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2899617 · Cited by 786
“In [266], the blockchain technology is used to store the identities and attributes of both users and devices.”
MethodSurvey on blockchain for Internet of Things
Wang, X., Zha, X., Ni, W., Liu, R. P., Guo, Y. J., Niu, X., & Zheng, K. (2019) · Computer Communications · doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2019.01.006 · Cited by 567
A Vademecum on Blockchain Technologies: When, Which, and How
Belotti, M., Bozic, N., Pujolle, G., & Secci, S. (2019) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2928178 · Cited by 512
“(iv) storage, authentication, e-commerce [99, 100, 101, 102] communications & networking [103, 104, 105].”
Privacy-Preserving Solutions for Blockchain: Review and Challenges
Bernal Bernabe, J., Canovas, J. L., Hernandez-Ramos, J. L., Torres Moreno, R., & Skarmeta, A. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2950872 · Cited by 459
“Moreover, [166] proposes a scheme based on a permissioned blockchain to manage embedded systems.”
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Embedding Blockchain Technology Into IoT for Security: A Survey
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“In addition, access control can be programmed to update for IoT devices; this will help them to become available, accountable, agile, and adoptable among different nodes within the network [78], [79].”
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Fraga‐Lamas, P., & Fernández‐Caramés, T. M. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2895302 · Cited by 368
“An example of implementation is illustrated in [96], where a permissioned blockchain with distributed identity management is used to increase security protection by rotating asymmetric keys.”
MethodFernandez-Carames, T. M., & Fraga-Lamas, P. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2908780 · Cited by 321
“system, such a provider is also usually able to block their access. To tackle this issue some researchers propose the use of permissioned blockchains, that can manage multiple IIoT node identification [69], while others suggest using multichains [48] (where only a subset of the participants can monitor blockchain activ…”
BackgroundA Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions
Ismail, L., & Materwala, H. (2019) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym11101198 · Cited by 278
“Various works to develop secure lightweight IoT architecture based on the blockchain have been proposed in the literature [56,178,179].”
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“Kravitz et al. [220] proposed to use permissioned blockchains for managing and securing the IoT nodes thereby providing an identity management solution with rotating asymmetric keys capable of countering attacks.”
BackgroundA Comparative Analysis of Blockchain Architecture and its Applications: Problems and Recommendations
Syed, T. A., Alzahrani, A., Jan, S., Siddiqui, M. S., Nadeem, A., & Alghamdi, T. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2957660 · Cited by 286
“for secure user identity management [93], device authentication [104], [107] and maintaining privacy [92].”
BackgroundMethodIoTChain: A blockchain security architecture for the Internet of Things
Alphand, O., Amoretti, M., Claeys, T., Dall'Asta, S., Duda, A., Ferrari, G., Rousseau, F. S., Tourancheau, B., Veltri, L., & Zanichelli, F. (2018) · IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference · doi:10.1109/wcnc.2018.8377385 · Cited by 268
“Kravitz and Cooper [13] proposed a methodology for creating permissioned blockchain ecosystems, where identity and attribute management is built in for both users and devices.”
Securing IoTs in distributed blockchain: Analysis, requirements and open issues
Moin, S., Karim, A., Safdar, Z., Safdar, K., Ahmed, E., & Imran, M. A. (2019) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2019.05.023 · Cited by 219
Blockchain Technology for Applications in Internet of Things—Mapping From System Design Perspective
Viriyasitavat, W., Xu, L. D., Bi, Z., & Hoonsopon, D. (2019) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2925825 · Cited by 152
“Furthermore, the longer a private key exists, the higher probability the key is compromised [47].”
BackgroundMethodTallat, R., Hawbani, A., Wang, X., Al‐Dubai, A., Zhao, L., Liu, Z., Min, G., Zomaya, A. Y., & Alsamhi, S. H. (2023) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2023.3329472 · Cited by 159
“To address this issue, some academics advocate for using permissioned blockchains capable of managing various IIoT node identities [238].”
BackgroundRole of machine learning and deep learning in securing 5G-driven industrial IoT applications
Sharma, P., Jain, S., Gupta, S. R., & Chamola, V. (2021) · Ad Hoc Networks · doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102685 · Cited by 150
A survey on boosting IoT security and privacy through blockchain
Alfandi, O., Khanji, S. I. R., Ahmad, L. A., & Khattak, A. M. (2020) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-020-03137-8 · Cited by 142
“For instance, in [90] authors suggested to utilize Proof-of-Identity (POI) and Proof-of-Posession (POP) to secure user’s identity where POP was integrated in the transaction’s certificates through an efficient sym-mentric cryptographic algorithms in order to hide devices from being accessed by…”
BackgroundMethodOverview of 5G security technology
Ji, X., Huang, K., Jin, L., Tang, H., Liu, C., Zhou, Z., You, W., Xu, X., Zhao, H., Wu, J., et al. (2018) · Science China Information Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11432-017-9426-4 · Cited by 117
A comprehensive review on blockchain and Internet of Things in healthcare
Sharma, A., Kaur, S., & Singh, M. (2021) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4333 · Cited by 116
Networking Systems of AI: On the Convergence of Computing and Communications
Song, L., Hu, X., Zhang, G., Spachos, P., Plataniotis, K. N., & Wu, H. (2022) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3172270 · Cited by 121
“Kravitz and Cooper [183] proposed to use the licensed blockchain to protect and manage multiple IoT nodes.”
BackgroundApplications of Distributed Ledger Technologies to the Internet of Things
Zhu, Q., Loke, S. W., Trujillo-Rasúa, R., Jiang, F., & Xiang, Y. (2019) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3359982 · Cited by 145
“In Reference [73], an identity management system is built on the permissioned blockchain.”
BackgroundSecurity in product lifecycle of IoT devices: A survey
Yousefnezhad, N., Malhi, A. K., & Främling, K. (2020) · Journal of Network and Computer Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102779 · Cited by 104
“Mahalle et al. (2010) propose an IdM framework to deliver services of devices, while also providing a device management which conceals the complexity of security management from users.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBlockchain-Enabled Cyber–Physical Systems: A Review
Zhao, W., Jiang, C., Gao, H., Yang, S., & Luo, X. (2020) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3014864 · Cited by 89
“Identity management can be significantly enhanced with blockchain in several ways [47], [63], [64], [76].”
BackgroundInfluentialBlockchain‐based security aspects in heterogeneous Internet‐of‐Things networks: A survey
Pohrmen, F. H., Das, R. K., & Saha, G. K. (2019) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.3741 · Cited by 84
Blockchain-Based Authentication and Trust Management Mechanism for Smart Cities
Asif, M., Aziz, Z., Ahmad, M. B., Khalid, A., Waris, H. A., & Gilani, A. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22072604 · Cited by 79
“Kravitz and Cooper [30] presented a theoretical methodology for establishing an ecosystem using permissioned Blockchain.”
MethodBlockchain in IoT: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Roadmap
Cui, P., Guin, U., Skjellum, A., & Umphress, D. (2019) · Journal of Hardware and Systems Security · doi:10.1007/s41635-019-00079-5 · Cited by 73
“[114] proposed permissioned blockchain to provide rotatable and transferable key management for IoT system.”
BackgroundNartey, C., Tchao, E. T., Gadze, J. D., Keelson, E., Klogo, G. S., Kommey, B., & Diawuo, K. (2021) · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing · doi:10.1155/2021/6672482 · Cited by 77
“It has been suggested in [106] to use permissioned blockchains instead, for sensitive applications.”
BackgroundOn the Integration of Blockchain to the Internet of Things for Enabling Access Right Delegation
Pal, S., Rabehaja, T., Hill, A., Hitchens, M., & Varadharajan, V. (2019) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2952141 · Cited by 67
“With a similar view to [30], Axon [31] presented the importance of privacy when integrating the blockchain into the IoT system base.”
BackgroundBlockchain technology forecasting by patent analytics and text mining
Bamakan, S. M. H., Bondarti, A. B., Babaei, P., & Qu, Q. (2021) · Blockchain Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2021.100019 · Cited by 68
Fraga‐Lamas, P., Fernández‐Caramés, T. M., da Cruz, A. M. R., & Lopes, S. I. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435374 · Cited by 65
“…5.0 developers should consider the use of permissioned blockchains or multichains in cases when it is essential to certificate the identity of the IIoT devices that interact with the blockchain or where only a reduced group of participants should be able to monitor the blockchain [124], [339].”
BackgroundInfluentialIntegration of blockchain and Internet of Things: challenges and solutions
Zafar, S., Bhatti, K. M., Shabbir, M., Hashmat, F., & Akbar, A. H. (2021) · Annals of Telecommunications · doi:10.1007/s12243-021-00858-8 · Cited by 51
“This problem can be solved using permissioned blockchain which can easily manage multiple IoT nodes [80].”
BackgroundAfanasev, M. Y., Fedosov, Y. V., Krylova, A. A., & Shorokhov, S. A. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) · doi:10.1109/icphys.2018.8387630 · Cited by 44
“On further consideration of the topic, Kravitz and Cooper [3] suggest the approach called “Permissioned Blockchains” that provide a required security and privacy level in the IoT applications.”
BackgroundRana, A. K., Sharma, S. C., Nisar, K., Ibrahim, A. A. A., Dhawan, S., Chowdhry, B. S., Hussain, S., & Goyal, N. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12157694 · Cited by 40
Two-Tier Permission-ed and Permission-Less Blockchain for Secure Data Sharing
Cash, M., & Bassiouni, M. A. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud) · doi:10.1109/smartcloud.2018.00031 · Cited by 41
“shown that PL blockchain technology has potential use for future applications with the Internet of Things [9] [10].”
BackgroundBlockchain for 5G and IoT: Opportunities and Challenges
Hewa, T. M., Kalla, A., Nag, A., Ylianttila, M., & Liyanage, M. (2020) · International Conference on Communications and Networking (ComNet) · doi:10.1109/comnet47917.2020.9306082 · Cited by 41
Trustworthy Orchestration of Container Based Edge Computing Using Permissioned Blockchain
Ioini, N. E., & Pahl, C. (2018) · International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS) · doi:10.1109/iotsms.2018.8554470 · Cited by 34
“In [18] the authors propose a distributed identity management architecture using permissioned blockchain.”
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Abdulkader, O. A., Bamhdi, A. M., Thayananthan, V., Eassa, F. E., & Alghamdi, B. M. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing / IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Scalable Cloud (CSCloud/EdgeCom) · doi:10.1109/cscloud/edgecom.2019.000-5 · Cited by 33
Blockchain Based Enhanced ERP Transaction Integrity Architecture and PoET Consensus
Aslam, T., Maqbool, A., Akhtar, M. N., et al. (2021) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2022.019416 · Cited by 31
Misbinding Attacks on Secure Device Pairing and Bootstrapping
Sethi, M., Peltonen, A., & Aura, T. (2019) · ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS) · doi:10.1145/3321705.3329813 · Cited by 27
“Furthermore, there are proposals for logging Internet-of-Things devices to a blockchain [32, 39], which could also be used for asset tracking.”
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“in [16] established a concrete cryptographic mechanism based on blockchain.”
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Singh, G. S., & Singh, S. (2019) · International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.26438/ijcse/v7i7.332358 · Cited by 23
A Blockchain Based Approach for Privacy Preservation in Healthcare IoT
Bhalaji, N., Abilashkumar, P. C., & Aboorva, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8461-5_52 · Cited by 23
Trustful data trading through monetizing IoT data using BlockChain based review system
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“This study is motivated by the studies in References 58 and 59 to present a BC based automated systems maintaining reviews about data to gain the trust of data users.”
BackgroundA Systematic Literature Mapping on Using Blockchain Technology in Identity Management
Ngo, T. T. T., Dang, T. A., Huynh, V. V., & Le, T. C. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3256519 · Cited by 26
Incentive-Driven Computation Offloading in Blockchain-Enabled E-Commerce
Deng, S., Cheng, G., Zhao, H., Gao, H., & Yin, J. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Internet Technology · doi:10.1145/3397160 · Cited by 20
“The applications of using blockchain in e-commerce are limitless, including Alternative Payment Methods [17], Private Transactions [19], Fast Authentication [35], More Secure Payments [39], and so on.”
MethodDIdM-EIoTD: Distributed Identity Management for Edge Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
Sadique, K. M., Rahmani, R., & Johannesson, P. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23084046 · Cited by 21
“In [65], user identity management and device ownership using Blockchain, attribute management via certificate authority is recommended.”
MethodA Survey of Secure Routing Protocols in Multi-Hop Cellular Networks
Ramezan, G., Leung, C., & Wang, Z. J. (2018) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2859900 · Cited by 18
“Decentralization can be done by removing the central authority from the networks [2] and [96].”
BackgroundAn Innovative and Decentralized Identity Framework Based on Blockchain Technology
Maldonado-Ruiz, D., Torres, J., Madhoun, N. E., & Badra, M. (2021) · IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS) · doi:10.1109/ntms49979.2021.9432656 · Cited by 17
“One of the main deployment of blockchain was in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) [6] [7], where the ledger is used to store, not only identities of the devices, but also other features that are used to analyze the behaviour of ’things’.”
BackgroundA Raspberry Pi based blockchain application on IoT security
Abas, S. U., Duran, F., & Tekerek, A. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120486 · Cited by 16
Decentralised Internet of Things
Khan, M. A., Algarni, F., & Quasim, M. T. (2020) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38677-1_1 · Cited by 15
A Certificateless Consortium Blockchain for IoTs
Guo, X., Guo, Q., Liu, M., et al. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS) · doi:10.1109/icdcs47774.2020.00054 · Cited by 15
“Moreover, the certificated signature will leak the identity information of the data owner [12].”
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“Also, the requirement for the identifi-cation process itself is high since all potential attacks must be detected as soon as possible, the network must be maximally protected from any types of attacks [9], [25], [32], [35]–[40].”
BackgroundA Review and Development Methodology of a LightWeight Security Model for IoT-based Smart Devices
Gurunathan, M., & Moamin, A. M. (2020) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2020.0110217 · Cited by 12
“ Privacy: The blockchain-based IoT approaches in the writing who have kept up the privacy are [54] [61].”
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Parmar, M., & Shah, S. (2019) · International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) · doi:10.1109/iccs45141.2019.9065830 · Cited by 12
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“While [2] and [3] introduced the necessary key management constructs (including those that enable auditability), it limited its import of trust relationships to those that only involve the immediate user or device.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBlockchain-Based Multi-Tier Double Auctions for Smart Energy Distribution Grids
Stübs, M., Posdorfer, W., & Momeni, S. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Communications workshops · doi:10.1109/iccworkshops49005.2020.9145310 · Cited by 10
“A noteworthy approach to ensuring the identities and affiliation to the nano grid is Identity Based Encryption (IDE) and the use of one time key pairs signed by the edge server [24].”
MethodOwoh, N. P., & Singh, M. M. (2019) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications · doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2019.0100308 · Cited by 11
“To solve the problem of identity certification in IoT, where a provider in charge of authorizing entities can also block them, Kravitz and Cooper [43] proposed the use of permissioned blockchain for the management and security of IoT nodes.”
BackgroundAn Energy-Efficient Technique to Secure Internet of Things Devices Using Blockchain
Zaheer, H., Shoaib, M., Iqbal, F., Arshad, S., Altaf, A., Villena, E. G., Díez, I. D. L. T., & Ashraf, I. (2024) · Journal of Network and Systems Management · doi:10.1007/s10922-024-09870-4 · Cited by 10
“To reduce network security risks, several studies have developed the concept of combining devices with blockchain for safe data transfer [6, 18, 20, 26].”
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Modernizing CPS with Blockchain: Applications, Challenges & Future Directions
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SoK: A Taxonomy for Distributed-Ledger-Based Identity Management
Vaziry, A., Garzon, S. R., Herbke, P., Segat, C., & Küpper, A. (2025) · Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT) · doi:10.1109/cvc65719.2025.00015 · Cited by 8
Blockchain Security Implementation using Python with NB-IoT deployment in Food Supply Chain
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Integrating Blockchain with IoT for Mitigating Cyber Threat In Corporate Environment
Dharani, A. K. I., & Raazi, S. M. K.-U.-R. (2022) · Mohammad Ali Jinnah University International Conference on Computing (MAJICC) · doi:10.1109/majicc56935.2022.9994206 · Cited by 7
Efficient Authentication Scheme Using Blockchain in IoT Devices
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A Blockchain-based Security Management Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems
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“…described in detail • hard for law enforcers to find and deal with problems in the system • Security aspects were ignored Kravitz et al., [18], Viriyasita-vat et al., [19] IoT Management of identity and attributes, Safe communication from the edge to the cloud, Access control using smart…”
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Purchase Behavior of Generation Z for New-Brand Beauty Products
Sangal, S., Nigam, A., & Bhutani, C. (2022) · Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations · doi:10.4018/jeco.300304 · Cited by 10
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Blockchain based Sensor System Design For Embedded IoT
Praveena, B. J., Arivazhagan, N., & Reddy, P. V. P. (2023) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2022.2155266 · Cited by 5
BC-MED: Plataforma de Registros Médicos Electrónicos Sobre Tecnología Blockchain
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Secure and Internet-Less Connectivity to a Blockchain Network for Limited Connectivity Bank Users
Maldonado-Ruiz, D., Badra, M., Madhoun, N. E., et al. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67550-9_2 · Cited by 5
A Deep Learning Application System Based on Blockchain Technology for Clicks-And-Mortar Businesses
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“Kravitz et al. [14] discuss advantages for the secure use of IoT devices using blockchain.”
BackgroundFormal verification of misbinding attacks on secure device pairing and bootstrapping
Peltonen, A., Sethi, M., & Aura, T. (2020) · Journal of Information Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102461 · Cited by 4
“Furthermore, there are proposals for logging Internet-of-Things devices to a blockchain [49,50] , which could also be used for asset tracking.”
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“However, during the transmission or interchange of transactions among Blockchain users, the transaction’s information can easily be obtained by an adversary in the network [223].”
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Technical Development of a Security Platform for IoT Based on Blockchain
Ferro, R., Bernal, Y., & Tapicha, J. (2018) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95204-8_52 · Cited by 3
Meyliana, M., Surjandy, S., Condrobimo, A. R., Widjaja, H. A. E., Cassandra, C., Santoso, S. W., Atmadja, W., Susanto, R., & Prabowo, H. (2022) · International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering · doi:10.46338/ijetae1022_06 · Cited by 2
Exploration and impact of blockchain-enabled adaptive non-binary trust models
Kravitz, D. W. (2019) · International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking (ICDCN) · doi:10.1145/3288599.3288639 · Cited by 2
“the Linux Foundation’s Hyperledger community [8] (see also [10]).”
MethodSelf-citationBlockchain and the Internet of Things: Opportunities and Challenges
Albakri, A. (2021) · International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems · doi:10.1109/icsecs52883.2021.00040 · Cited by 2
Trust and Identity Management in IOT
Prateek, L. A., Shah, R., Tony, A. E., et al. (2022) · Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16178-0_33 · Cited by 1
On the Future of Markets Driven by Blockchain
Cichonczyk, M. (2019) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04849-5_29 · Cited by 1
Kalim, A., Tomar, D. S., Associate Professor, C., Ikhlaq, S., & Cloud Consultant, A. (2020) · International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering · doi:10.35940/ijitee.l7997.1091220 · Cited by 1
Fernández‐Caramés, T. M., & Fraga‐Lamas, P. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.09604 · Cited by 1
“system, such a provider is also usually able to block their access. To tackle this issue some researchers propose the use of permissioned blockchains, that can manage multiple IIoT node identification [69], while others suggest using multichains [48] (where only a subset of the participants can monitor blockchain activ…”
BackgroundA Clicks-and-Mortar Information Exchange Mechanism Based on Blockchain Technology
Wu, H., & Zhan, J.-W. (2019) · International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics · doi:10.1145/3326467.3326470
“In Reference [5], blockchain technology is applied towards identity authentication in the Internet of Things; in Reference [5], applies encryption algorithms SHA-2 and SHA-3 to ensure information accuracy and origin.”
MethodNode-Level Trust Evaluation Model Based on Blockchain in Ad Hoc Network
Yan, S., & Chung, Y. J. (2019) · International journal of advanced smart convergence · doi:10.7236/ijasc.2019.8.4.169
Design and development of smart contract system for blockchain based applications
Khatoon, A. (2021) · ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) · doi:10.13025/17062
Blockchain in a Smart City: Its applications and a selection framework
Wu, C. H., Ho, G. T. S., Xhafa, F., Ip, W. H., & van Hille, R. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820139-8.00006-1 · Cited by 1
IoT Enabled Trustless Trusts for Water Distribution Systems in SmartCities – An Architectural Design
Benedict, S., Vedanta, S. P., & Gupta, T. (2023) · International Conference on Networking and Communications (ICNWC) · doi:10.1109/icnwc57852.2023.10127393
Mohammed, C. P., & Chopra, S. R. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1745-7_19
Survey on IoT Based Secure Health Care Framework Using Block Chain Technology
Kaur, M., Kumar, P., & Gupta, A. (2023) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2271-0_13
Topic Modeling for Recent Newspaper Publications on Blockchain Technology in Kazakhstan
Mansurova, A., Baimaganbetov, T., & Nugumanova, A. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Smart Information Systems and Technologies (SIST) · doi:10.1109/sist58284.2023.10223489
“Blockchain technology is used in a wide range of areas such as smart contracts [8], security services [9], Internet of Things and identification services [10], and so on.”
BackgroundStudy on Blockchain-Integrated IoT
Sarkar, M., Roy, S., & Bose, R. (2023) · Advances in web technologies and engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-9919-1.ch017
Fog Computing with Optimized Block Chain Technique for IoT Based Data Security
Dhanya, G., & Vigila, S. M. C. (2023) · International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies · doi:10.1109/iccpct58313.2023.10245224
“blockchain if they are appropriately equipped with authentication and trust anchors [5].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kravitz, D. W., & Cooper, J.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
- Venue
- 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2017-06
- Pages
- 1-6
- OpenAlex
- W2746343748
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 11.76
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Cryptography and Data Security
- Keywords
- permissioned blockchain, Internet of Things security, user identity, device identity, attribute management, privacy, embedded devices, blockchain scalability
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