Internet of Ships: A Survey on Architectures, Emerging Applications, and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
The recent emergence of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies in mission-critical applications in the maritime industry has led to the introduction of the Internet-of-Ships (IoS) paradigm. IoS is a novel application domain of IoT that refers to the network of smart interconnected maritime objects, which can be any physical device or infrastructure associated with a ship, a port, or the transportation itself, with the goal of significantly boosting the shipping industry toward improved safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the IoS paradigm, its architecture, its key elements, and its main characteristics. Furthermore, we review the state of the art for its emerging applications, including safety enhancements, route planning and optimization, collaborative decision making, automatic fault detection and preemptive maintenance, cargo tracking, environmental monitoring, energy-efficient operations, and automatic berthing. Finally, the presented open challenges and future opportunities for research in the areas of satellite communications, security, privacy, maritime data collection, data management, and analytics, provide a road map toward optimized maritime operations and autonomous shipping.
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Zhang, J., & Tao, D. (2021) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3039359 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aslam, S., Michaelides, M. P., & Herodotou, H.
- Affiliations
- Cyprus University of Technology (CY)
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 9714-9727
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- OpenAlex
- W3023854532
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 17.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- Ktisis at Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Cyprus Research and Innovation Foundation (INTEGRATED/0916/0063)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Maritime Navigation and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Keywords
- shipboard networks, maritime safety, collaborative decision-making, product tracking, environmental monitoring, automatic berthing, satellite communication, autonomous shipping
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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