Multimodal Sentiment Intensity Analysis in Videos: Facial Gestures and Verbal Messages
Abstract
People share their opinions, stories, and reviews through online video sharing websites every day. The automatic analysis of these online opinion videos is bringing new or understudied research challenges to the field of computational linguistics and multimodal analysis. Among these challenges is the fundamental question of exploiting the dynamics between visual gestures and verbal messages to be able to better model sentiment. This article addresses this question in four ways: introducing the first multimodal dataset with opinion-level sentiment intensity annotations; studying the prototypical interaction patterns between facial gestures and spoken words when inferring sentiment intensity; proposing a new computational representation, called multimodal dictionary, based on a language-gesture study; and evaluating the authors' proposed approach in a speaker-independent paradigm for sentiment intensity prediction. The authors' study identifies four interaction types between facial gestures and verbal content: neutral, emphasizer, positive, and negative interactions. Experiments show statistically significant improvement when using multimodal dictionary representation over the conventional early fusion representation (that is, feature concatenation).
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CMU-MOSI includes 93 randomly selected videos from YouTube, involving 89 different speakers-41 females and 48 males.
“The dataset includes 93 randomly selected videos from YouTube, involving 89 different speakers—41 females and 48 males.”
From A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Speech, Text, and Face (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
CMU-MOSI videos are segmented into 2199 clips, each rated on an emotional polarity scale from +3 to −3.
“The videos are segmented into 2199 clips, each rated on an emotional polarity scale, from +3 (signifying strongly positive sentiment) to −3 (signifying strongly negative sentiment).”
From A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Speech, Text, and Face (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
CMU-MOSI dataset was introduced by Zadeh et al. in 2016.
“The Multimodal Opinion-level Sentiment Intensity (CMU-MOSI) dataset, introduced by Zadeh et al. in 2016 [28], marks a significant milestone in multimodal sentiment analysis databases due to its unique characteristic of incorporating subjective sentiment and emotional intensity annotations.”
From A Survey of Deep Learning-Based Multimodal Emotion Recognition: Speech, Text, and Face (2023) · cites this paper as [28]
Zadeh et al. proposed a new computational representation called multimodal dictionary based on a language-gesture study and evaluated it in a speaker-independent model for sentiment intensity prediction.
“They proposed a new computational representation, called multimodal dictionary, based on a language-gesture study and evaluated the proposed approach in a speaker-independent model for sentiment intensity prediction [6].”
From Survey on AI-Based Multimodal Methods for Emotion Detection (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Zadeh et al. introduced the first multimodal dataset (MOSI) with opinion-level sentiment intensity annotations.
“Zadeh et al. introduced the first multimodal dataset (MOSI) with opinion-level sentiment intensity annotations and studying the prototypical interaction patterns between facial gestures and spoken words when inferring sentiment intensity.”
From Survey on AI-Based Multimodal Methods for Emotion Detection (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Several multimodal datasets include sentiment annotations.
“Several multimodal datasets include sentiment annotations.”
From Survey on AI-Based Multimodal Methods for Emotion Detection (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Zadeh et al. studied prototypical interaction patterns between facial gestures and spoken words when inferring sentiment intensity.
“Zadeh et al. introduced the first multimodal dataset (MOSI) with opinion-level sentiment intensity annotations and studying the prototypical interaction patterns between facial gestures and spoken words when inferring sentiment intensity.”
From Survey on AI-Based Multimodal Methods for Emotion Detection (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Zadeh, A., Zellers, R., Pincus, E., & Morency, L.-P.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Intelligent Systems
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 82-88
- ISSN
- 1541-1672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2556418146
- Cited by
- 852
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 174 · 2025: 186 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 26.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Intelligent Systems (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- sentiment intensity, facial gestures, verbal messages, multimodal dataset, feature-level fusion, online video sharing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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