Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 868

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Three Decades of Driver Assistance Systems: Review and Future Perspectives

Open access
Bengler, Klaus, Dietmayer, Klaus, Farber, Berthold, Maurer, Markus, Stiller, Christoph, Winner, Hermann·2014·IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine

Abstract

This contribution provides a review of fundamental goals, development and future perspectives of driver assistance systems. Mobility is a fundamental desire of mankind. Virtually any society strives for safe and efficient mobility at low ecological and economic costs. Nevertheless, its technical implementation significantly differs among societies, depending on their culture and their degree of industrialization. A potential evolutionary roadmap for driver assistance systems is discussed. Emerging from systems based on proprioceptive sensors, such as ABS or ESC, we review the progress incented by the use of exteroceptive sensors such as radar, video, or lidar. While the ultimate goal of automated and cooperative traffic still remains a vision of the future, intermediate steps towards that aim can be realized through systems that mitigate or avoid collisions in selected driving situations. Research extends the state-of-the-art in automated driving in urban traffic and in cooperative driving, the latter addressing communication and collaboration between different vehicles, as well as cooperative vehicle operation by its driver and its machine intelligence. These steps are considered important for the interim period, until reliable unsupervised automated driving for all conceivable traffic situations becomes available. The prospective evolution of driver assistance systems will be stimulated by several technological, societal and market trends. The paper closes with a view on current research fields.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/mits.2014.2336271

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 55 references

Research works printed but not linked: 65

  1. engels, 1989, Der Einfluss von Suchfahrten auf das Unfallverursachungsrisiko, Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 5, 93
  2. 2009, Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council Concerning Type-Approval Requirements for the General Safety of Motor Vehicles Their Trailers and Systems Components and Separate Technical Units Intended Therefor, 661
  3. fecher, 2008, Analysis of the driver behavior in autonomous emergency hazard braking situations, Proc FISITA World Automotive Congr
  4. färber, 2005, Nutzer—und nutzen-parameter von collision warning und collision mitigation systemen, Proc Workshop Fahrerassistenzsyste
  5. 2008, Improving the Safety and Environmental Performance Of Vehicles Press Release
  6. dornieden, 2012, Anticipatory energy-efficient longitudinal vehicle control, ATZ Worldwide, 24, 10.1365/s38311-012-0154-4 · doi:10.1365/s38311-012-0154-4
  7. eichler, 2007, Extending onboard sensor information by wireless communication, Proc IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symp, 541
  8. 0, Destatis (2012 Dec ) Statistisches Bundesamt Verkehrsunfälle—Unfälle von frauen und männern im straßenverkehr 2011
  9. 10.1109/IROS.2001.977224 · doi:10.1109/iros.2001.977224
  10. 10.1007/3-540-27137-6_11 · doi:10.1007/3-540-27137-6_11
  11. 10.1109/IVS.2009.5164294 · doi:10.1109/ivs.2009.5164294
  12. karmasin, 2008, Motivation zum kauf von fahrerassistenzsystemen, 24 VDI/VW-Gemeinschaftstagung Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassistenzsysteme VDI-Berichte 2048
  13. kämpchen, 2010, Umfelderfassung für den Nothalteassistenten—ein System zum automatischen Anhalten bei plötzlich reduzierter Fahrtätigkeit des Fahrers, Proc Tagungsband AAET-Kongress Braunschweig
  14. 2005, Forschungsinitiative Invent
  15. 10.1109/IVS.2007.4290119 · doi:10.1109/ivs.2007.4290119
  16. andrews, 2014, Mercedes-Benz tries to put a persistent moose problem to rest, New York Times
  17. 2013, Research Initiative AKTIV
  18. aparicio, 2012, Pre-crash performance of collision mitigation and avoidance systems—Results from the ASSESS project, presented at the 11th Advanced Vehicle Control Conf
  19. holden, 2012, Achieving Sustainable Mobility Every Day and Leisure-Time Travel in the EU Transport and Mobility
  20. 10.1109/FISTS.2011.5973600 · doi:10.1109/fists.2011.5973600
  21. bläser, 2012, Mobilität findet Stadt. Zukunft der Mobilität für urbane Metropolräume, Zukünftige Entwicklungen in der Mobilität, 501
  22. 10.1109/ITSC.2012.6338672 · doi:10.1109/itsc.2012.6338672
  23. gasser, 2012, Rechtsfolgen zunehmender Fahrzeugautomatisierung—Gemeinsamer Schlussbericht der Projektgruppe, Berichte der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen
  24. freyer, 2008, Vernetzung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen zur Verbesserung des Spurwechselverhaltens von ACC
  25. 10.1109/IVS.2007.4290247 · doi:10.1109/ivs.2007.4290247
  26. gasser, 2012, Ergebnisse der Projektgruppe Automatisierung: Rechtsfolgen zunehmender Fahrzeugautomatisierung, Tagungsband der 5 Tagung Fahrerassistenz
  27. 10.1518/hfes.46.1.50.30392 · doi:10.1518/hfes.46.1.50.30392 · Paper page
  28. maurer, 2000, Flexible Automatisierung von Straßenfahrzeugen mit Rechnersehen, (Verkehrstechnik/Fahrzeugtechnik Reihe 12 Nummer 443)
  29. manstetten, 2013, UR: BAN MV'—A German project focusing on human factors to increase traffic safety in urban areas, Proc ITS World Congr
  30. markoff, 2013, At high speed, on the road to a driverless future, New York Times
  31. 10.1007/978-3-8348-8619-4_26 · doi:10.1007/978-3-8348-8619-4_26
  32. 10.1007/978-3-642-36455-6 · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36455-6
  33. 10.1016/0965-8564(94)90003-5 · doi:10.1016/0965-8564(94)90003-5
  34. 2013, Volvo Trucks European Accident Research and Safety Report
  35. 10.1007/978-3-8348-8619-4_32 · doi:10.1007/978-3-8348-8619-4_32
  36. 10.1145/1620509.1620513 · doi:10.1145/1620509.1620513
  37. 10.1109/RWS.2013.6486655 · doi:10.1109/rws.2013.6486655
  38. 10.1007/978-0-85729-085-4_24 · doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-085-4_24
  39. kosch, 2004, Efficient information dissemination in vehicle ad-hoc networks, Proc World Congr Intelligent Transport Systems
  40. 10.1007/978-3-8348-9977-4_33 · doi:10.1007/978-3-8348-9977-4_33
  41. krüger, 2008, Hedonomie—Die emotionale dimension der fahrerassistenz, Proc of 3 Tagung Aktive Sicherheit durch Fahrerassistenz
  42. kutami, 1995, Visual navigation of autonomous on-road vehicle, Proc IEEE/RSJ Int Conf Intelligent Robots Systems, 175
  43. langwieder, 2012, Effectiveness of driver assistance systems and the need of promotion regarding the aim vision zero, Proc ICrash Int Crash Worthiness-Conf
  44. aga, 2003, Analysis of vehicle stability control effectiveness from accident data, Proc 11th Int Conf Enhanced Safety Vehicle
  45. zlocki, 2010, Eco ACC-Ansatz für die Bewertung des Energieeinsparpotenzials eines ACC-Algorithmus für Hybridfahrzeuge, Aachener Kolloquium Fahrzeug- und Motorentechnik
  46. siegle, 1992, Autonomous driving on a road network, Proc IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symp, 403, 10.1109/IVS.1992.252292 · doi:10.1109/ivs.1992.252292
  47. popiv, 2010, Reduction of fuel consumption by early anticipation and assistance of deceleration phases, Proc World Automotive Congr Int Federation Automotive Engineering Societies
  48. sferco, 2001, Potential effectiveness of the electronic stability programs–What European field studies tell us, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles
  49. schulze, 1997, CHAUFFEUR—The European way towards an automated highway system, Proc 4th World Congr ITS, i, 1
  50. 2014, Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology
  51. schöner, 2011, Selbstfahrendes soft crash target zur erprobung von fahrerassistenzsystemen, Proc Konferenz AAET
  52. stiller, 2001, A driving robot for autonomous vehicles on extreme courses, Proc Int Fedration Automatic Control Conf Telematics Applications Automation Robotics, 361
  53. bock, 2007, Vehicle in the Loop (VIL)—A new simulator set-up for testing advanced driving assistance systems, Driving Simulation Conference North America
  54. 10.1109/TITS.2012.2204051 · doi:10.1109/tits.2012.2204051
  55. brahmi, 0, Referenzsysteme für die bewertung der umfelderfassung: Anforderungen, validierung und einsatz, 6 Tagung Fahrerassistenzsysteme
  56. 10.1109/IVS.2007.4290201 · doi:10.1109/ivs.2007.4290201
  57. 10.1016/0895-7177(95)00133-M · doi:10.1016/0895-7177(95)00133-m
  58. damböck, 2012, Übernahmezeiten beim hochautomatisierten Fahren, TÜV Fahrerassistenztagung
  59. damböck, 2012, Evaluation of a contact analog head-up display for highly automated driving, Proceedings of the 4th Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics
  60. nagel, 2008, EUREKA-Projekt PROMETHEUS und PRO-ART (1986–1994), Informatikforschung
  61. 2009, Intelligent Transport Systems—Full Speed Range Adaptive Cruise Control Systems—Performance Requirements and Test Procedures
  62. müller, 2011, Dense 6D-position and bewegung robust an jedem bildpunkt, Proc 7th Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme
  63. 10.1109/ITSC.1997.660525 · doi:10.1109/itsc.1997.660525
  64. 10.1109/IVS.2005.1505121 · doi:10.1109/ivs.2005.1505121
  65. thom, 2011, Pedestrian highlighting using programmable LED headlights, Proc Int Symp Automotive Lighting, 1032

Cited by

See all 868

Metadata

Authors
Bengler, K., Dietmayer, K., Farber, B., Maurer, M., Stiller, C., & Winner, H.
Venue
IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine
Published
2014
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
6-22
ISSN
1939-1390 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2047030012
Cited by
868
References
55
FWCI
66.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Three Decades of Driver Assistance Systems: Review and Future Perspectives. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/mits.2014.2336271
The paper
Bengler, K., Dietmayer, K., Farber, B., Maurer, M., Stiller, C., & Winner, H. (2014). Three Decades of Driver Assistance Systems: Review and Future Perspectives. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2014.2336271

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.