The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Using laser range data for 3D SLAM in outdoor environments
Abstract
Traditional simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms have been used to great effect in flat, indoor environments such as corridors and offices. We demonstrate that with a few augmentations, existing 2D SLAM technology can be extended to perform full 3D SLAM in less benign, outdoor, undulating environments. In particular, we use data acquired with a 3D laser range finder. We use a simple segmentation algorithm to separate the data stream into distinct point clouds, each referenced to a vehicle position. The SLAM technique we then adopt inherits much from 2D delayed state (or scan-matching) SLAM in that the state vector is an ever growing stack of past vehicle positions and inter-scan registrations are used to form measurements between them. The registration algorithm used is a novel combination of previous techniques carefully balancing the need for maximally wide convergence basins, robustness and speed. In addition, we introduce a novel post-registration classification technique to detect matches which have converged to incorrect local minima
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A method for registration of 3-D shapes
Besl, P. J., & McKay, N. D. (1992) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.121791 · Cited by 18,103
Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using unit quaternions
Horn, B. K. P. (1987) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.4.000629 · Cited by 4,116
Globally Consistent Range Scan Alignment for Environment Mapping
Lu, F., & Milios, E. (1997) · Autonomous Robots · doi:10.1023/a:1008854305733 · Cited by 1,304
Estimating Uncertain Spatial Relationships in Robotics
Smith, R., Self, M., & Cheeseman, P. (1990) · Autonomous Robot Vehicles · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8997-2_14 · Cited by 1,288
Robust registration of 2D and 3D point sets
Fitzgibbon, A. W. (2003) · Image and Vision Computing · doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2003.09.004 · Cited by 925
Estimating uncertain spatial relationships in robotics
Smith, R., Self, M., & Cheeseman, P. (2005) · Proceedings. 1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation · doi:10.1109/robot.1987.1087846 · Cited by 757
Hahnel, D., Burgard, W., Fox, D., & Thrun, S. (2004) · Proceedings 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2003) (Cat. No.03CH37453) · doi:10.1109/iros.2003.1250629 · Cited by 572
Incremental mapping of large cyclic environments
Gutmann, J.-S., & Konolige, K. (2003) · Proceedings 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. CIRA'99 (Cat. No.99EX375) · doi:10.1109/cira.1999.810068 · Cited by 568
Surmann, H., Nüchter, A., & Hertzberg, J. (2003) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/j.robot.2003.09.004 · Cited by 527
Outdoor SLAM using visual appearance and laser ranging
Newman, P., Cole, D., & Ho, K. (2006) · Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006. · doi:10.1109/robot.2006.1641869 · Cited by 316
Self-citation
Cited by
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: A Survey of Current Trends in Autonomous Driving
Bresson, G., Alsayed, Z., Yu, L., & Glaser, S. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles · doi:10.1109/tiv.2017.2749181 · Cited by 885
Outdoor SLAM using visual appearance and laser ranging
Newman, P., Cole, D., & Ho, K. (2006) · Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006. · doi:10.1109/robot.2006.1641869 · Cited by 316
Self-citationContinuous 3D scan-matching with a spinning 2D laser
Bosse, M., & Zlot, R. (2009) · 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation · doi:10.1109/robot.2009.5152851 · Cited by 289
Detection, classification and tracking of moving objects in a 3D environment
Azim, A., & Aycard, O. (2012) · 2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium · doi:10.1109/ivs.2012.6232303 · Cited by 171
Optimized EIF-SLAM algorithm for precision agriculture mapping based on stems detection
Auat Cheein, F., Steiner, G., Perez Paina, G., & Carelli, R. (2011) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2011.07.007 · Cited by 118
Metadata
- Authors
- Cole, D. M., & Newman, P. M.
- Venue
- Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006.
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2006-07-10
- Pages
- 1556-1563
- ISSN
- 1050-4729 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124123377
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 34.13
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Using laser range data for 3D SLAM in outdoor environments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/robot.2006.1641929
- The paper
- Cole, D. M., & Newman, P. M. (2006). Using laser range data for 3D SLAM in outdoor environments. Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2006.1641929
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.