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Miniaturised Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Neurostimulation: A Review
Open accessAbstract
In neurostimulation, wireless power transfer is an efficient technology to overcome several limitations affecting medical devices currently used in clinical practice. Several methods were developed over the years for wireless power transfer. In this review article, we report and discuss the three most relevant methodologies for extremely miniaturised implantable neurostimulators: ultrasound coupling, inductive coupling and capacitive coupling. For each powering method, the discussion starts describing the physical working principle. In particular, we focus on the challenges given by the miniaturisation of the implanted integrated circuits and the related ad-hoc solutions for wireless power transfer. Then, we present recent developments and progresses in wireless power transfer for biomedical applications. Last, we compare each technique based on key performance indicators to highlight the most relevant and innovative solutions suitable for neurostimulation, with the gaze turned towards miniaturisation.
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“Moreover, cables and connectors apply mechanical forces on the implant and the tissue, causing long-term scarring [201].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [201]
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Self-citationRay, A., Habibagahi, I., & Babakhani, A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2023.3289149 · Cited by 4
Active and passive rectification methods for US-powered IMDs
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Fuada, S., Särestöniemi, M., & Katz, M. D. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1008464 · Cited by 3
Aboualalaa, M., & Pokharel, R. K. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.2025.3587000 · Cited by 3
Wireless nonresonant stimulation of neurons on a magnetoelectric film surface
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Wardhana, G. K., Mastrangeli, M., & Costa, T. L. (2022) · IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium · doi:10.1109/ius54386.2022.9957646 · Cited by 3
Esmaeili, H., Yang, C., & Schuster, C. (2024) · IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility (Print) · doi:10.1109/temc.2024.3439468 · Cited by 6
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Khalifa, A., Weigand‐Whittier, J., Farrar, C. T., & Cash, S. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.738589 · Cited by 3
Huang, J., Ouyang, Z., Ou, Y., & Andersen, M. A. E. (2022) · 2022 Wireless Power Week (WPW) · doi:10.1109/wpw54272.2022.9853926 · Cited by 3
A Wireless-Powered Relaying System with Energy Buffer for Implant WBAN
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Engineering Materials for Neurotechnology
Ghezzi, D. (2023) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202201412 · Cited by 2
Self-citationUltra-Miniaturised CMOS Current Driver for Wireless Biphasic Intracortical Microstimulation
Barbruni, G. L., Ros, P. M., Demarchi, D., Carrara, S., & Ghezzi, D. (2022) · International Conference on Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies · doi:10.1109/mocast54814.2022.9837681 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Barbruni, G. L., Ros, P. M., Demarchi, D., Carrara, S., & Ghezzi, D.
- Affiliations
- Politecnico di Torino (IT)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1160-1178
- ISSN
- 1932-4545 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-9990
- OpenAlex
- W3102254533
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 20
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PORTO@Iris (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, neurostimulation, implantable neurostimulator, miniaturization, inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, biomedical devices
- MeSH terms
- Biomedical Engineering, Brain, Humans, Miniaturization, Electric Power Supplies, Prosthesis Design, Implantable Neurostimulators, Wireless Technology
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